The incidence of road crashes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries is rising at an alarming rate and is now the leading cause of death among young adults, as confirmed by recent public health reports1. When comparing socio-economic indicators such as road crash fatality rates, healthy years of life lost due to crashes, and percentage of GDP lost, MENA countries now rank among s...

An immunization campaign with meningococcal ACYW135 polysaccharide vaccine was conducted in 2003 by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health and included a study to evaluate the immune responses in children under 5 years of age in the Al Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Children who were >/=24 months old were given one dose of tetravalent polysaccharide vaccine, while younger children were given two ...

We have found that epithelial cells engage in a process of cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion that utilizes calcium and actin polymerization in unexpected ways. Calcium stimulates filopodia, which penetrate and embed into neighboring cells. E-cadherin complexes cluster at filopodia tips, generating a two-rowed zipper of embedded puncta. Opposing cell surfaces are clamped by desmosomes, wh...

BACKGROUND There has been growing interest in the stalled transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and its consequences for young people's socioeconomic outcomes. However, little is known about how important life transitions relate to youth psychosocial well-being in the region. OBJECTIVE Drawing on a life course framework, we estimate the associations between making...

Abstract Global climate projections suggest a significant intensification of summer heat extremes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). To assess regional impacts, underpin mitigation adaptation measures, robust information is required from downscaling studies, which has been lacking for region. Here, we project future hot spells by using Heat Wave Magnitude Index comprehensive ensemble M...

Human MENA(11a) (hMENA(11a)), an epithelial-associated isoform of the actin binding protein enabled homolog (ENAH, also known as mammalian ENA [MENA]), is upregulated and phosphorylated following the activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1, HER2, and HER3. Here, we reveal a novel role of this isoform in sustaining cell survival and propose hMENA(11a) as a marker of HER3 act...

We examine the role of spatial spillovers in economic growth for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. explicitly model interactions that may arise from geography, bilateral trade, or institutional similarities, ask how much they are likely to matter externalities spillover effects. find a MENA country is positively affected by countries geographically close have similar characteristics. ...

Abstract Background The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continues to have the lowest prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in world, less than 0.1%, yet new transmissions are increasing. Consistent condom use can reduce probability transmission by 90–95%, its remains as staple prevention method; however, this isn’t case for MENA region, where use, knowledge proper accessib...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the meningococcal A (MenA) vaccine introduction in Mali through mass campaigns on the routine immunization program and the wider health system. METHODS We used a mixed-methods case-study design, combining semi-structured interviews with 31 key informants, a survey among 18 health facilities, and analysis of routine health facility data on number of routine ...