The growth of mammary carcinoma induced by oral 3-methylcholanthrene in female Wistar rats is retarded by ovariectomy and by food restriction sufficient to produce 12-14% body weight loss. Estradici benzoate (NSC 9566), 5-fluorouracil (NSC 19893), miracil D (NSC 14574), mitomycin C (NSC 26980), and AB-100 (NSC 37095) showed inhibitory activity. The best tumor inhibition without mortality was el...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether older postmenopausal women with a history of bilateral oophorectomy before natural menopause (surgical menopause) have a higher risk of nonvertebral postmenopausal fracture than women with natural menopause. METHODS We used 21 years of prospectively collected incident fracture data from the ongoing Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a coh...

OBJECTIVE To compare induced surgical menopause in rat models following hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy, versus control. Secondary objective was evaluation of certain physiological changes in the animal following the induced menopause. DESIGN A prospective case control study. SETTING University Research Centre. METHODOLOGY 80 female rats were d...

CONTEXT Changes in androgen levels across the adult female life span and the effects of natural menopause and oophorectomy have not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to document the effects of age on androgen levels in healthy women and to explore the effects of natural and surgical menopause. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study was co...

BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy is used for the relief of menopausal symptoms. In the United Kingdom, guidelines have been developed for the use of hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis, and in the United States of America its use has also been recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention. However, compliance has been found to be a problem, and rates of presc...

Among the identified risks and benefits of hormone-replacement therapy, the effects of treatment on cognitive function in postmenopausal women have proved difficult to define. Here we conducted a controlled, prospective analysis in a nonhuman primate model to test whether surgical menopause and estrogen replacement influence the cognitive outcome of normal aging. Sixteen aged rhesus monkeys wer...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for most women who experience surgical menopause following hysterectomy/oophorectomy for noncancerous conditions; it is also commonly prescribed for postmenopausal women. Beginning in 1992, 1,299 women undergoing hysterectomy in 28 hospitals throughout Maryland were interviewed prior to hysterectomy and were subsequently followed over a 2-year pe...

BACKGROUND Oophorectomy reduces serum testosterone levels. We studied the efficacy and safety of transdermal testosterone in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in surgically menopausal women. METHODS A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial was conducted in women (aged 24-70 years) who developed distressful low sexual desire after bila...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of the cumulative number of ovulatory cycles and its contributing components on the risk of breast cancer among BRCA mutation carriers. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study on 2,854 pairs of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the number of ovulatory cycles and various...

OBJECTIVE Ovarian hormones regulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Despite the high frequency of surgical menopause, its relationship with diabetes has not been extensively investigated. We assessed the association between hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy (BSO) status, menopausal age, and reproductive life span with incident diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Da...