OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) on masticatory muscles pain bruxism patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 subjects with the clinical diagnosis of bruxism were randomly allocated to two study groups. Group A received TENS (50 Hz, pulse width 0.5 mSec, intensity 0-60 mA for ...

Diminished capacity survives in California as a severely attenuated mens rea defense known as diminished actuality. Some other states have similar limited strict mens rea defenses. The lost advantages of California's former expanded concept of diminished capacity are reviewed. As opposed to the all-or-none insanity defense, mens rea defenses permit the trier of fact to find gradations of guilt ...

Most crimes in America require that the defendant have mens rea, Latin for "guilty mind." However, mens rea is not legally required for strict liability crimes, such as speeding, for which someone is guilty even if ignorant or deceived about her speed. In 3 experiments involving participants responding to descriptive vignettes, we investigated whether the division of strict liability crimes in ...

In most paradigm militaries of the world, there seems to be an expectation for ageneral write and publish his or her biography as soon possible after retirementfrom active duty – a type ‘first duty’ in retirement. These biographies are often criticalfor militaries, much like medical, law clerical professions, grow their bodyof knowledge empower next generation soldiers. For armed forces general...

. J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt Law School; Ph. D. Candidate in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University. . McKnight Land-Grant Professor & Associate Professor of Law, University of Minnesota; Executive Director of Education and Outreach, MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Law and Neuroscience. . Coauthors listed beyond the second author are listed alphabetically by last name. . Harrison Foundati...

Everyone who has reached the age of discretion is, unless the contrary is proved, presumed by law to be sane and to be accountable for his actions. This is the doctrine of mens rea. ‘Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea’  the deed does not make a man guilty unless his mind is guilty. This is the fundamental basis of English law. For to make a man liable to imprisonment for an offence that he...

MENS is a bio-inspired model for higher level cognitive systems; it is an application of the Memory Evolutive Systems developed with Vanbremeersch to model complex multi-scale, multi-agent self-organized systems, such as biological or social systems. Its development resorts to an info-computationalism: first we characterize the properties of the human brain/mind at the origin of higher order co...