The choice of appropriate animal models for the initial in vivo testing of potential anticonvulsant compounds is one of the most important steps in the successful search for new antiepileptic drugs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the most important aspects to take into account when performing the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in the routine laboratory screening of new antiep...

The series of N-[(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)-alkyl]-3-phenyl- and 3-(3-methylphenyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones [VIII-XXV] were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties. Initial anticonvulsant screening was performed in mice, using intraperitoneal (ip) maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced (scPTZ) seizure threshold tests. Th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti convulsant effect of aerial parts of Phyllanthus longiflorus (PHL). MATERIALS AND METHOD Methanol extract of aerial parts of PHL (MPHL) was prepared by continuous hot extraction method using Soxhlet apparatus. MPHL at the doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered to male albino mice by oral route and the activity was assessed against maximal electro shock (MES)...

The study was designed to investigate the effect of ketamine on convulsive behaviour using maximal electroshock (MES) test. An attempt was also made to study the possible receptor mechanisms involved. MES seizures were induced in mice via transauricular electrodes (60 mA, 0.2sec). Seizure severity was assessed by the duration of tonic hindlimb extensor phase and mortality due to convulsions. In...

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of fluoxetine (FXT), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model in mice. FXT at the doses of 25, 20 and 15 mg/kg significantly increased the electroconvulsive threshold. The antidepressant applied at the lower doses (10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg) did not in...

De novo loss-of-function mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) SCN1A (encoding Nav1.1) are the main cause of Dravet syndrome (DS), a catastrophic early-life encephalopathy associated with prolonged and recurrent early-life febrile seizures (FSs), refractory afebrile epilepsy, cognitive and behavioral deficits, and a 15-20% mortality rate. SCN1A mutations also lead to genetic epil...

There is emerging evidence to support the efficacy of some antiepileptic drug (AED) combinations in refractory epilepsy. Definitive clinical studies are, however, difficult to perform. Experimental seizure models can be employed to identify potentially useful combinations for subsequent clinical evaluation. We have investigated the anticonvulsant effects of topiramate (TPM) in combination with ...

Several heteroaryl semicarbazones were prepared by the reaction of heteroaryl hydrazine carboxamide with aryl aldehydes or ketones. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses. Compounds were tested for anticonvulsant activity utilizing pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure (PTZ) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) tests at 30, 100 and 300 ...

Epilepsy is the oldest nervous system disorder known to mankind and one of the most common diseases in human population. Despite extensive studies, multiple aspects of the disease and the nature of the disorder are still unclear. Currently 30-40% of the epileptic patients show resistance to all of the conventional therapeutic agents. In Iranian traditional medicine, various types of plants have...

OBJECTIVES Phthalimide-based derivatives have anticonvulsant activity like as phenytoin by inhibition of sodium channel. In our previously research we mentioned about some phthalimide derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen analogs of 2-substituted phthalimide pharmacophore were synthesized and then were evaluated for the anticonvulsant activities in pentyl...