Inner products of Sobolev type are extremely useful for image reconstruction of images from a sparse set of -scale space features. The common (non)-linear reconstruction frameworks, follow an Euler Lagrange minimization. If the Lagrangian (prior) is a norm induced by an inner product of a Hilbert space, this Euler Lagrange minimization boils down to a simple orthogonal projection within the cor...

Locomotion in segmented animals, such as annelids and myriapods (centipedes millipedes), is generated by a coordinated movement known metameric locomotion, which can be also implemented robots designed to perform specific tasks. We introduce theoretical model, based on an active directional motion of the head segment passive trailing rest body segments, order formalize study locomotion. The mod...

Mesoderm represents the evolutionary youngest germ layer and forms numerous novel tissues in bilaterian animals. Despite the established conservation of the gene regulatory networks that drive mesoderm differentiation (e.g. myogenesis), mechanisms of mesoderm specification are highly variable in distant model species. Thus, broader phylogenetic sampling is required to reveal common features of ...

Annelids are strongly segmented animals that display a high degree of metamerism in their body plan. The embryonic origin of metameric segmentation was examined in an oligochaete annelid Tubifex using lineage tracers. Segmental organization arises sequentially in the anterior-to-posterior direction along the longitudinal axis of the mesodermal germ band, a coherent column of primary blast cells...

black humor plays a crucial role in fulfilling langston hughes's anti-racist purposes as an integral notionin his poetry. accordingly, translation(s) of his poetry are to benefit from the same indexes onthe basis of equivalent effect principle. on this account, 33 black-humor-rich poems of hughes, translatedby ahmad shamloo, yaghma golruee and hassan fayyad, were selected to be analyzed co...

Chromatic discrimination thresholds were measured under conditions which yielded fine and degraded discrimination steps. Discrimination was assessed by identification of the location of one of four homogeneous equiluminant stimuli arranged in a square or with pseudoisochromatic (PIC) figures using the stimulus design of Regan, Reffin and Mollon (Vis Res 1994; 34: 1279-1299). Stimuli were presen...

Surface metamerism is the phenomenon whereby two spectrally different reflectances induce the same response under fixed conditions (observer and illuminant) and induce different responses when recording conditions change. Metamerism arises due to the discrepancy between the degrees of freedom of the observer (usually three) and the degrees of freedom needed to represent surface spectral reflect...

Trunk neural crest cells and motor axons move in a segmental fashion through the rostral (anterior) half of each somitic sclerotome, avoiding the caudal (posterior) half. This metameric migration pattern is thought to be caused by molecular differences between the rostral and caudal portions of the somite. Here, we describe the distribution of T-cadherin (truncated-cadherin) during trunk neural...

Segmentation of the mesoderm in the head of a newt embryo is revealed by scanning electron microscopy. By the end of gastrulation, the newt embryo is already segmented from one end to the other, with additional segments added later by the tail bud. This metameric segmentation appears long before the first "somite" can be seen in the late neurula by light microscopy. The six segments found in th...