Preclinical experiments are carried out with approximately 20-30 microm wide, approximately 10 mm high parallel microbeams of hard, broad-"white"-spectrum x rays (approximately 50-600 keV) to investigate microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) of brain tumors in infants for whom other kinds of radiotherapy are inadequate and/or unsafe. Novel physical microdosimetry (implemented with MOSFET chips in t...

Introduction The bystander response is a phenomenon whereby biological responses occur in cells that are located nearby cells that have been traversed by charged particles, but which themselves have not been traversed. Therefore, microbeam irradiation system, which enables the observation of cellular responses of individual nonirradiated and irradiated cells, has become a powerful tool to eluci...

Uranium L(III)-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy is often used to probe the oxidation state and coordination of uranium in environmental samples, and micrometre-sized beams can be used to spatially map the distribution of uranium relative to other elements. Here a variety of uranium-containing environmental samples are analyzed at both microbeam and larger beam sizes to determine whether reoxi...

Techniques for recording the vocal tract shape during speech such as X-ray microbeam or EMA track the spatial location of pellets attached to several articulators. Limitations of the recording technology result in most utterances having sequences of frames where one or more pellets are missing. Rather than discarding such sequences, we seek to reconstruct them. We use an algorithm for recoverin...

Aided phytostabilization using a combination of compost, zerovalent iron grit and coal fly ash (CZA) amendments and revegetation effectively promoted the biological recovery of mining spoils generated at a gold mine in Portugal. Selective dissolution of spoil samples in combination with solid phase characterization using microbeam X-ray absorption near edge structure (μXANES) spectroscopy and m...

Electron beam techniques namely Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the closely related Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) find ample applications on the characterization of various types of geological materials including clays. They provide morphological, structural and chemical information down to the atomic scale. The principal advantage of the ele...

3D processed silicon detectors offer several advantages over conventional, planar processed devices. The electric fields between the electrodes of a 3D detector are parallel to its surface, and for a given applied bias, stronger than those found in a planar device of equivalent dimensions. We have investigated the spatial response of a first generation 3D detector using a synchrotron X-ray micr...