PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) on rod-, cone-, and melanopsin-mediated pupillary light reflexes (PLRs). METHODS Pupillary light reflexes elicited by full-field, brief-flash stimuli were recorded in 13 IIH patients and 13 normal controls. Subjects were dark-adapted for 10 minutes and the PLR was recorded in response to short-wavelength flashes (0....

Displacing an object with a hand-held rod provided a simple paradigm for studying tool use. The authors asked how reaching was affected by manipulations of rod properties. Adults held a rod (length =.10 to 1.5 m), with its tip in the air; walked toward an object on a table; chose a place to stop; and displaced the object with the rod's tip. In 3 experiments (Ns = 9, 22, and 17 participants), th...

Müller glia (MG) function as inducible retinal stem cells in zebrafish, completely repairing the eye after damage. The innate immune system has recently been shown to promote tissue regeneration in which classic wound-healing responses predominate. However, regulatory roles for leukocytes during cellular regeneration-i.e., selective cell-loss paradigms akin to degenerative disease-are less well...

Although rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina are anatomically connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical coupling is thought to be weak. Using tracer labeling and electrical recording in the goldfish retina and tracer labeling in the mouse retina, we show that the retinal circadian clock, and not the retinal response to the vis...

The bandpass filtering properties of a rod network were studied via computer simulations. Sinusoidal current stimuli were applied to a single rod model to characterize its temporal filtering properties. The simulated frequency response revealed that a single rod behaves as a bandpass filter whose characteristics are affected by the stimulus strength and frequency. We analyzed the contribution o...

The sequence in which two sma& spatially unresolved spots of light are Rashed in the periphery of the visual field can be determined by means of a “fine-grain” movement illusion. The illusion can be produced not only by rod-rod and by cone-cone stimulation. but also by rod-cone stimulation. Dynamics of the illusion are obtained by sequence-discrimination experiments for each of these three stim...

Whole-cell voltage and current recordings were obtained from red and green cone photoreceptors in isolated retina from macaque monkey. It was demonstrated previously that the cone photovoltage is generated from two sources, phototransduction current in the cone outer segment and photocurrent from neighboring rods. Rod signals are likely transmitted to cones across the gap junctions between rods...

BACKGROUND The modular hemipelvic prosthesis has been used in patient of Type I-IV pelvic tumor with good outcomes, but how to keep the stability between the prosthesis and the residual sacrum is a problem. An additional screw-rod system seems to solve it, but its biomechanical characters are still not well understood, which need experimental evaluation. METHODS Six pelvic specimens were prep...

Signals from rods can alter chromatic discrimination. Here, chromatic discrimination ellipses were determined in the presence of rod incremental and decremental pedestals at mesopic light levels. The data were represented in a relative cone Troland space, normalized by discrimination thresholds measured along the cardinal axes without a rod pedestal. In the quadrant of cone space where L-cone r...

BACKGROUND Dark adaptation is an energy-requiring process in the outer retina nourished by the profusely perfused choroid. We hypothesized that variations in choroidal thickness might affect the rate of dark adaptation. METHOD Cross-sectional, observational study of 42 healthy university students (mean age 25 ± 2.0 years, 29 % men) who were examined using an abbreviated automated dark adaptom...