Ethoxyquin phosphate (EQ-P) and ethoxyquin hydrochloride (EQ-HCl) were synthesized and studied for genotoxic and antioxidant activities with the use of comet assay and micronucleus test performed on human lymphocytes. The results were compared with the activities of the earlier studied ethoxyquin (EQ; 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline), a strong antioxidant used mainly as a preserva...

The links between diet and genomic instability have been under investigation for several decades, and evidence suggests a significant causal or preventive role for various dietary factors. This study investigates the influence of macronutrients (calories, protein, and glucides) and micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, on genotoxicity biom...

Despite regulatory directives requiring the reduction of animal use in safety testing, recent modifications to genotoxicity testing guidelines now propose the use of two in vivo genotoxicity assays as a follow-up to an in vitro positive (International Conference on Harmonization Consensus Draft Guidance S2[R1] released March, 2008). To address both goals, the in vivo comet and micronucleus (MN)...

Sodium arsenite, potassium arsenite, and Fowler's solution (arsenic trioxide dissolved in potassium bicarbonate) are equally active in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay (approximately 10 mg/kg by IP injection). The natural ore orpiment (principally As2S3) was inactive despite blood levels of arsenic of 300 to 900 ng/mL in treated mice at 24 hr. Sodium arsenite was active in three strains...

In vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are posing a high demand for testrelated resources. Among these studies, the micronucleus test in rodents is the most widely used, as follow up to positive in vitro mutagenicity results. A recent survey of the (Q)SAR models for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity has indicated that no (Q)SAR models for in vivo micronucleus are available in the publi...

Azidothymidine (Zidovudine, AZT) is part of the standard care of treatment for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome since many years. A great number of studies on the genotoxic potential of AZT have been published, but no comprehensive hypothesis yet explains all observations. We investigated a multitude of genotoxic endpoints, both in vitro and in vivo, with the goal to complete the picture. The...

It is now universally accepted that DNA is the main target for damages caused by physical and chemical genotoxicants. Although there are different methods to measure directly the induced DNA damages but due to fast repair processes in cellular environment, most of the damages would be repaired even before sampling, therefore processed DNA damages, i.e. damages left unrepaired after acting repai...

Enhanced sensitivity to the chromosome-damaging effects of ionizing radiation is a feature of many cancer-predisposing conditions. It has been suggested that women with breast cancer are deficient in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. We have now investigated whether mutagen sensitivity is related to mutations in the breast cancer gene BRCA1. We studied the induction and repair of DNA ...

The increased use of biostimulants in conventional agriculture and organic farming requires the implementation rapid tests to determine their effectiveness enhancing plant growth protection against abiotic stresses. However, innocuity health has rarely been demonstrated. We used Vicia faba Micronucleus Assay, as described by standard AFNOR EN ISO 29200(2020-05) reveal biostimulant, genotoxic cy...

A cytogenetic study was performed in lymphocytes of hospital workers occupationally exposed to X- and gamma-rays using the micronucleus centromere assay. A comparison of the data for the exposed group and an age-matched group of non-exposed hospital workers showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in centromere-positive micronuclei for the radiation workers, while no effect on centromere-negati...