GLYX-13 (threonine-proline-proline-threonine-amide) is an amidated di-pyrrolidine that acts as a functional partial agonist at the glycine site on N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs). GLYX-13 can both increase NMDAR conductance at NR2B-containing receptors, and reduce conductance of non-NR2B-containing receptors. Here, we report that GLYX-13 potently reduces delayed (24 h) death o...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pioglitazone on blood glucose control and inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic patients receiving insulin after kidney transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, 62 diabetic kidney transplant patients were followed for 4 months after randomly assigned to placebo and pioglitazone (30 mg/d) grou...

INTRODUCTION Insulin sensitizing drugs such as pioglitazone are not uniformly treatment effective among individual type 2 diabetic patients. Here, the relationship of pioglitazone efficacy to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the adiponectin gene, a critical gene directly regulated by the drug, was examined in a cohort of Chinese Han type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Eighty type 2 diab...

Recent studies have suggested that rats subjected to transient global brain ischemia develop depressed expression of GluR-B in CA1 hippocampal neurons. The present study was performed to determine whether a similar change in AMPA receptor expression could be triggered in vitro by sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures. mRNA was extracted from individual hippoc...

Recent studies have reported the detection of the human neurotropic virus, JCV, in a significant population of brain tumors, including medulloblastomas. Accordingly, expression of the JCV early protein, T-antigen, which has transforming activity in cell culture and in transgenic mice, results in the development of a broad range of tumors of neural crest and glial origin. Evidently, the associat...

Panchapakesan, U., S. Sumual, C. A. Pollock, and X. Chen. PPAR agonists exert antifibrotic effects in renal tubular cells exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1153–F1158, 2005. First published May 10, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00097.2005.—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cell growth, inflammation, li...

The induction of proangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical feature of tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms of VEGF gene expression induced by glucose deprivation in cancer cells, a role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the process, and the signal transduction pathway. AMPK functions as an energy sensor to pro...