this paper investigates the function of windcatchers in dry regions in middle east and compares them in different fields in two areas including yazd-iran, and egypt. the study examines windcatchers in these areas in terms of cooling system and forms, with different plans, forms, constituent components and decorations.reassessment of windcatchers in these areas can shed light on these difference...

For years, Russia’s role in the Middle East was viewed primarily through its relations with Iran, Iraq, and, more recently, Syria. In 2006, however, a nearly forgotten dimension of Russia’s Middle East policy came to the fore with a new escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict, this time in Lebanon. Russia has long played an extraneous role in the Quartet on the Middle East, the grouping compose...

Since April 2012, 536 laboratory‐confirmed cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) have been reported to WHO, including 145 deaths (Figure 1). To date, the affected countries in the Middle East include Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen; in Africa: Egypt and Tunisia; in Europe: France, Germany, Gree...

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a new emerging infectious disease that was firstly detected in the Middle East[1-3]. The infection was firstly confined within the Middle East. The first case was from Saudi Arabia in 2012. As noted by Banik et al.[4], since its discovery in 2012, MERS coronavirus has reached 23 countries affecting about 1 100 people, including a dozen children, and cl...

The region of the Middle East is highly conflict-loaded. The absence of one distinct regional power may be considered both cause and consequence of this structural feature. At the same time, there are significant power gaps between states in the Middle East, with Israel among the most powerful actors and accordingly defined as a potential regional power. Due to the specific empirical setting of...

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T here has been a basic tension between the stated objectives of Middle Eastern leaders to integrate their countries into the world economy, on the one hand, and the actual, tangible levels of this integration, on the other. Consequently, the non-democratic states of the Middle East have consistently lagged behind in such globalization indices as foreign direct investment (FDI), competitiveness...