OBJECTIVE To systematically review the research conducted on prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in community-dwelling older adults in LMICs. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42016036083. DATA S...

All forms of tobacco lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. During the past few decades, the number of people who consume tobacco has increased worldwide because of an overall increase in the global population. It is estimated that close to 80% of the >1.3 billion people who smoke tobacco in the world are in low- and middle-income countries. Smokeless forms of tobacco are also w...

Editorials 634 Worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. 1 Stroke, the sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is lost by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain, is also a leading cause of dementia and depression. 2 Globally, 70% of strokes and 87% of both ...

BACKGROUND WHO has targeted that medicines to prevent recurrent cardiovascular disease be available in 80% of communities and used by 50% of eligible individuals by 2025. We have previously reported that use of these medicines is very low, but now aim to assess how such low use relates to their lack of availability or poor affordability. METHODS We analysed information about availability and ...

Despite steady decreases in the cancer burden in industrialized countries, its rapid increase in the developing world means that the number of cancer cases and deaths will likely more than double worldwide over the next two decades (1). Already a leading cause of death around the globe, cancer—grouped as all types of the disease— was associated with 7.4 million deaths in 2004 and is projected t...

Incidence of stroke throughout the years A recent systematic review of 56 studies from all over the world show that the stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in these studies change over time. They indicate a fall in high-income countries by 42%, but an increase in low-middle income countries by as much as 100%.[2] This contrasting trend leads to the situation that the estimated ove...

Chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer are problems that we associate with rich countries, while infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS are more commonly seen as the problems afflicting the poor. But 80 percent of global deaths from chronic diseases occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular disease in lowand middle-income countries killed more...

PURPOSE This study evaluated the quantity of prosthodontic literature produced globally by continent in three prosthodontic journals over a 10-year period, 1998-2008. Prosthodontic research productivity relative to economic status of countries and collaboration among countries grouped by economic status was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three peer-reviewed prosthodontic journals were used f...

Policy-makers require information on the potential benefits of and economic case for pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in middle-income countries. We built decision analysis models to evaluate a three-dose infant series of the 7-, 10- or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in 77 middle-income countries compared with no vaccination, accounting for direct protection of vaccinated children ...

BACKGROUND Anemia is a leading cause of maternal deaths and adverse pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia, the association between maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes, and the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of these outcomes that are due to anemia in low- and middle-incom...