Cardiac phosphodiesterase III (PDE) inhibitors derived from pyridinone, imidazolone, pyridazinone and related structures form a new class of positive inotropic vasodilator agents (e.g. milrinone) that are beneficial in the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. These agents inhibit the intracellular hydrolysis of cyclic AMP, thereby promoting cyclic AMP-catalysed phosphorylation of sarco...

This study was conducted to investigate the role of specific phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) inhibitors like amrinone and milrinone in the generation of seizures in albino Swiss mice. Generation of seizures were carried out in the animals by subjecting them to injection of a chemical convulsant, isoniazid (INH) at the dose of 500mg/kg, s.c and by subjecting them to maximal electroshock (MES) at 60 ...

Volatile anaesthetics have a variety of effects on the myocardium, namely a negative inotropic effect and a catecholamine sensitizing effect. The present study was designed to see if the hydrocarbon anaesthetics interact specifically with subcellular targets of the myocardial cell, by examining the effects of halothane in the presence of positive inotropic agents with different mechanisms of ac...

INTRODUCTION Inotropes are frequently being used in children undergoing heart surgery to prevent or treat low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). There is only limited evidence that inotropes actually positively influence postoperative outcome. Our aim was to describe the current international practice variation in the use of inotropes following congenital heart surgery. METHODS We developed an o...

The standard of treatment of decompensated class IV congestive heart failure (CHF) usually involves positive ionotropic agents such as continuous infusion of dobutamine. When this is inadequate, or the patient is unable to tolerate the dobutamine, secondary to refractory tachycardia/malignant arrhythmia, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as Milrinone/Amrinone are commonly employed. The mechani...

BACKGROUND Admission measures of renal function (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure are predictors of in-hospital outcomes. Less is known about the changes and relationships among these variables and the postdischarge survival rate. METHODS AND RESULTS In a retrospective analysis of 949 patients from the...

in this study, we investigated the interactive effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of three different phosphodiesterase inhibitors (pdeis) on morphine-induced analgesia in mice using tail-flick method. subcutaneous administration of morphine (1, 3 and 6 mg/kg) caused significant antinociceptive effects in a dose dependent manner. administration of pentoxifylline (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 m...