BACKGROUND Milrinone used for acute cardiac insufficiency could be of interest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of its positive inotropic effects. In this study, the combination of milrinone-vasopressin was compared with epinephrine and vasopressin, as well as with the combination of epinephrine-vasopressin, in reference to hemodynamics. METHODS Thirty-two pigs underwent ligation ...

BACKGROUND Inhaled administration of milrinone reduces pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure are associated with difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, inhaled milrinone could facilitate separation from CPB. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact and timing of administration of inhaled milrinone. METHODS A retrospective analysi...

BACKGROUND Optimal dose adjustment of milrinone in critically ill children is challenging because of conflicting information about the association between dose and outcomes in this age group. OBJECTIVES To describe the use of milrinone in critically ill children and to explore associations between milrinone dosing and clinical outcomes, specifically effectiveness and adverse events. METHODS...

Heart failure remains a major therapeutic problem with a poor prognosis despite therapy with digitalis, diuretics and vasodilator drugs. Because impaired myocardial contractility is a principal feature of persistent heart failure, the development of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, e.g. milrinone, has presented important therapeutic possibilities. Milrinone exerts both positive inotropic and vasod...

OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of milrinone application timing after reperfusion against myocardial stunning as compared with levosimendan in swine. Furthermore, we examined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the milrinone-induced cardioprotection. DESIGN All swine were subjected to 12-minutes ischemia followed by 90-minutes reperfusion to generate stunned myoca...

Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, is known to enhance left ventricular (LV) contractility by an inhibition of the breakdown of cAMP through the mechanism inhibiting PDE3. However, it is unclear whether milrinone also exerts positive lusitropy, like dobutamine. Here, we assessed the effects of milrinone on in vivo LV relaxation, as well as the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the Ca(2...

OBJECTIVE The effect of pre-emptive milrinone without bolus during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) was evaluated in two groups of patients with low and normal pre-graft cardiac index. METHODS Eighty-two patients were divided into two groups based on their pre-graft cardiac index. Each group was randomly subdivided into two groups to receive either milrinone or normal saline. A...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Attempts to reverse cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) rely on a limited number of treatments. Calcium channel blockers have proven a benefit but their vasodilating effect on spastic cerebral arteries is relatively modest. Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, combines vasodilating and inotropic properties, but limited data exist ...

It is not known whether there are positive or negative interactions on ventricular function when a calcium-sensitizing inotrope is added to a phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the clinical setting of acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We hypothesized that when levosimendan is added to milrinone treatment, there will be synergetic inotropic and lusitropic effects. This was tested in an anesth...

UNLABELLED Acute deterioration in ventricular function and oxygen transport is common after cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that milrinone or amrinone may reduce their occurrence and catecholamine requirements and increase cellular enzyme levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. In 45 patients, we randomly administered milrinone 50 microg/kg plus 0.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) infu...