Experiments were performed to measure two kinds of suppression threshold for running speech: echo threshold, defined here as the minimum level at which it was possible to detect that an echo was present, and masked threshold, defined as the minimum level at which it was possible to detect that a lagging sound was present at all. Both thresholds were measured using a geometry in which sound sour...

This Version: January 2002 This paper develops minimum distance estimators for nonparametric models where the dependent variable is known only to fall in a specified group with observable thresholds, while its true value remains unobserved and possibly censored. Such data arise commonly in major U.S and U.K data sets where, e.g., the thresholds between which earnings fall are observed, but not ...

OBJECTIVES To explore the existence and strength of a relationship between hospital volume and mortality, to estimate minimum volume thresholds and to assess the potential benefit of centralisation of services. DESIGN Observational population-based study using complete German hospital discharge data (Diagnosis-Related Group Statistics (DRG Statistics)). SETTING All acute care hospitals in G...

Individual choices are affected by complex factors and the challenge consists of how to incorporate these factors in order to improve the realism of the modelling work. The presence of limits, cut-offs or thresholds in the perception and appraisal of both attributes and alternatives is part of the complexity inherent to choice-making behaviour. The paper considers the existence of thresholds in...

A fundamental notion of decision-theoretic rough sets is the concept of loss functions, which provides a powerful tool of calculating a pair of thresholds for making a decision with a minimum cost. In this paper, time-dependent loss functions which are variations of the time are of interest because such functions are frequently encountered in practical situations, we present the relationship be...

We compared psychophysical thresholds for biological and non-biological motion detection in adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) and controls. Participants watched animations of a biological stimulus (a moving hand) or a non-biological stimulus (a falling tennis ball). The velocity profile of the movement was varied between 100% natural motion (minimum-jerk (MJ) for the hand; gravitati...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Among patients with acute ischemic stroke, we determine computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) thresholds associated with follow-up infarction at different stroke onset-to-CTP and CTP-to-reperfusion times. METHODS Acute ischemic stroke patients with occlusion on computed tomographic angiography were acutely imaged with CTP. Noncontrast computed tomography and magnectic re...

INTRODUCTION Surgery is first-line therapy for glioblastoma, and there is evidence that gross total resection is associated with improved survival. Gross total resection, however, is not always possible, and relationships among extent (percent) of resection (EOR), residual volume (RV), and survival are unknown. The goals were to evaluate whether there is an association between EOR and RV with s...