ATP is the universal energy substance of all living cells. F1F0-ATP synthase, a multisubunit enzyme found in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, is responsible for the synthesis of ATP and thus provides energy to almost all living cells. Our research is focused on the mitochondrial complex (mtATPase) of bakers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fig. 1). Yeast provides a powerful system in wh...

The tonoplast-bound H(+)-translocating ATPase from Hevea latex was found to be insensitive to vanadate, diethylstilbestrol, and octylguanidine, which are specific inhibitors of the plasma membrane ATPase. The inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase, oligomycin and azide, and also rotenone and antimycin A, were all without effect. In contrast, trimethyltin chloride strongly inhibited the activity...

V-ATPases (vacuolar H+-ATPases) are a specific class of multi-subunit pumps that play an essential role in the generation of proton gradients across eukaryotic endomembranes. Another simpler proton pump that co-localizes with the V-ATPase occurs in plants and many protists: the single-subunit H+-PPase [H+-translocating PPase (inorganic pyrophosphatase)]. Little is known about the relative contr...

The yeast vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (VATPase) is structurally very similar to the V-ATPases of other fungi, plants and animals (for reviews, see Stevens and Forgac, 1997; Forgac, 1999; Nelson and Harvey, 1999). In all these systems, the V-ATPase is composed of a complex of peripheral membrane proteins containing the ATP binding sites attached to a complex of integral membrane protein...

The oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) of the mitochondrial F(O)F1 ATP synthase has long been recognized to be essential for the coupling of proton transport to ATP synthesis. Located on top of the catalytic F1 sector, it makes stable contacts with both F1 and the peripheral stalk, ensuring the structural and functional coupling between F(O) and F1, which is disrupted by the antib...

The TRIUMF Proton Irradiation Facility can cover an energy range from below 20 MeV to 500 MeV using two extracted proton beam lines which operate into the same experimental area. The range of proton intensities is ideal for single event effect testing and high enough for some radiation damage testing of components. Neutrons, pions and higher intensity protons are also available at TRIUMF. Keywo...

Proton beam therapy has recently become available to a broader population base. There remains much controversy about its routine use in prostate cancer. We provide an analysis of the existing literature regarding efficacy and toxicity of the technique. Currently, the use of proton beam therapy for prostate cancer is largely dependent on continued reimbursement for the practice. While there are ...

The purpose of this study was to devise a simple semi-empirical model to estimate the range shift in clinical practices with high-Z inhomogeneity in proton beam. A semi-empirical model utilizing the logarithmic dependence on Z in stopping power from Bohr's classical approach has been developed to calculate the range shift due to the presence of inhomogeneity. Range shift from metallic plates of...