The Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) is a modal indicator designed to decide whether the mode shapes used in its computation are corresponding same mode. During structural monitoring, it can be applied evaluate changes shapes. When estimated from measurement data, MAC inherits their statistical properties, thus afflicted with uncertainty. evaluation of this uncertainty particularly relevant when...

the most important quality indicator of fruits is the flesh firmness which is well correlated to their young’s modulus. in this research variation of vibration characteristics (shape modes, natural frequency) of apple due to change of material characteristics (density, young's models, poisson ratio) and apple volume was investigated using finite element simulation. an image processing technique...

modal verbs and their different meanings can be investigated on the basis of various theoretical frameworks. in this paper, persian modal verbs are examined and analyzed in terms of degrees and kinds of modality proposed by palmer (1990). our analysis shows that although bǎyad ‘must’ does not entail the proposition, it is used to express three degrees of epistemic modality, two degrees of dynam...

Hedging academic claims has been recognized as one of integral pragmatic features of academic writing in which most EFL academic writers seem to face substantial problems. Explicit instruction has been proposed by some scholars as an effective approach to make EFL writers aware of the importance, different forms, and pragmatic functions of hedging devices some of which are polysemous and polypr...

A hybrid modal expansion that combines the free field Green's function and a modal expansion will be presented in this paper based on a review and an extension of the existing modal analysis theories for the sound field in enclosures. The enclosed sound field will be separated into the direct field and reverberant field, which have been treated together in the traditional modal analysis. Studie...

within a language whose only modal operators are the box and the diamond; other modal idioms cannot be expressed within such a language at all. Nonetheless, quantified modal logic has enjoyed considerable success in uncovering and explaining ambiguities in modal sentences and fallacies in modal reasoning. A prime example of this success is the now standard analysis of the distinction between mo...