Systems of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are generated routinely by simulation and modeling environments, such as MapleSim and those based on the Modelica language. Before a simulation starts and a numerical method is applied, some kind of structural analysis is performed to determine which equations to be differentiated, and how many times. Both Pantelides’s algorithm and Pryce’s Σ -...

entrepreneurship is the driving force behind the economy of any country. it is strongly believed that without entrepreneurial activities the process of agricultural development will not be achieved. this requires the proper transformation of capital and skill. the agricultural students should possess creativity in order for them to be able to start new businesses. however with the support of th...

background: academic optimism about teachers is a new construct. the objective of this study was investigation of primary school teachers' academic optimism and organizational citizenship behavior in shiraz city. methods: the method of this study was descriptive and correlational study. the population of this study were all teachers (men and women) working in the 1391-1392 school year in public...

This article presents a new methodology for measuring amount of errors in wheeled robots. Here a four-wheeled robot is tested and corrected using a new benchmark method that called “YMB mark”. This manner treats the systematic errors during the structural design and based on kinematics equations. Because the effect of design process, type of modeling and robot controller on these errors, first ...

By modeling a dielectric medium with two independent reservoirs, i.e., electric and magnetic reservoirs, the electromagnetic field is quantized in a linear dielectric medium consistently. A Hamiltonian is proposed from which using the Heisenberg equations, not only the Maxwell equations but also the structural equations can be obtained. Using the Laplace transformation, the wave equation for th...

A misspecification testing strategy designed to ensure that the statistical assumptions underlying a system of equations are appropriate is outlined. The system tests take into account information in, and interactions between, all equations in the system and can be used in a wide variety of applications where systems of equations are estimated. The system testing approach is demonstrated by mod...