Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly...

This paper presents the comparative study of three phase twenty five level diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The comparison is made in respect of requirement of devices, quality of output voltage and reduction of total harmonic distortion at the multilevel inverter terminals. In this work multicarrier sinusoidal pulse modulation control methods of Phase disposition (PD-P...

Introduction: Heterogeneity correction is an important parameter in dose calculation for cancer patients where it may be cause inaccuracy in dose calculation as a result of different densities of patients. This study studied the impact of dose calculation of breast cancer patients with and without heterogeneity correction. Material and Methods: Twenty breast cancer patients were treated with Th...

This paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage DC-DC converters at light loads. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control is more efficient for the same cases. Switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. To decrease the switching losses...

Common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the inverter causes motor bearing failures in multiphase drives.On the other hand, presence of undesired z-component currents in six-phase induction machine (SPIM) leads to extra current losses and have to be considered in pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. In this paper, it is shown that the presence of z-component currents and CMV in six phase driv...

The modulation response, relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency noise (FN) characteristics of quantum dot (QD) lasers are investigated theoretically in the presence of an external optical beam. Using small signal analysis of the rate equations for carriers and photons, it is demonstrated that by injecting excess carriers into the QDs excited state through optical pumping, the modulation r...

  Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious disease of the human respiratory tract, which is caused by Bordetella pertussis. Reemerge of pertussis in some highly immunized populations and divergency in gene order among several B. pertussis strains promoted this research to study the change of pertussis toxin (PT) and lipopolysacharide levels in response to the different environments. Th...

the present study was performed to evaluate the analgesic effect of morphine microinjection into the cuneiformis nucleus (cnf) and the effect of inactivation of this area by lidocaine on pain modulation. rats were anaesthetized by thiopental (45-60 mg/kg/i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic instrument, and then a guide cannula was implanted just one mm above the cnf. following surgery and recovery...