The effect of cholesterol enrichment and depletion of rabbit erythrocytes on the activities of membrane-bound enzymes, namely (Na+,K+)-stimulated ATPase, NAD+ase and acetylcholinesterase was examined. The cholesterol content of erythrocyte membranes has been modified by incubation of intact cells with sonicated egg lecithin/cholesterol vesicles (cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio approx. 2) a...

We report the evolution and confinement of atomically precise and luminescent gold clusters in a small protein, lysozyme (Lyz) using detailed mass spectrometric (MS) and other spectroscopic investigations. A maximum of 12 Au(0) species could be bound to a single Lyz molecule irrespective of the molar ratio of Lyz : Au(3+) used for cluster growth. The cluster-encapsulated protein also forms aggr...

  In this paper, modeling and optimization of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is considered in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor using an industrial Fe-Cu-K catalyst. A one dimensional pseudo-homogenous plug flow model without axial dispersion is developed for converting syngas to heavy hydrocarbons. The effects of temperature, pressure, H2 to CO ratio in feed stream, and CO molar flow on the mass flow r...

In order to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil and optimize its yield, a two-stage process of esterification/ transesterification has been used in this study. First, we used the acidic catalysts H2SO4 in order to diminish the content of free fatty acid (FFA) in oil that caused reducing the oil acidity from 6.1% to 0.57% through esterification. Then, the biodiesel was produced by transeste...

On treatment with sodium cholate, the phase transition temperature (Tc) of multilamellar liposomes derived from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) progressively decreased with increasing cholate: lipid-P molar ratio. A molar ratio of 4.5 caused a one degree depression in Tc. The unilamellar cholate vesicles of DPPC exhibited the same Tc as that of the multilamellar ones. The formation of un...

SiO2/MgCl2 (ethoxide type)/TiCl4 Ziegler-Natta catalysts for use in ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization have been prepared using silica with a supported layer of magnesium ethoxide (Mg(OEt)2) as a catalyst precursor, followed by treating with TiCl4 at different Ti/Mg molar ratios, which showed significant effects on the active centers and pore structures of the cataly...

This study presents the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) by solution polymerization and its partial hydrolysis to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using alkaline alcoholysis. The influence of the molar ratio of hydrolysis catalyst (NaOH) to PVAc and the time and temperature of the saponification reaction on the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight of the PVA were investigated using response su...

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 6 MALAYSIA 7 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-53687623 8 9 10 Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are known as tunable solvents. It is possible to prepare 11 ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) are used for desired purpose by selecting the suitable molar 12 ratio and com...

In this study, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from a pharmaceutical wastewater (PhW) was reduced by several techniques such as electro-Fenton (EF), photo electro-Fenton (PEF) and activated sludge (AS) processes and the obtained data were compared with each other. The effects of several parameters such as pH, current density, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, volume ratio of ...