The reaction catalyzed by cyanobacterial aldehyde deformylating oxygenase is of interest both because of its potential application to the production of biofuels and because of the highly unusual nature of the deformylation reaction it catalyzes. Whereas the proton in the product alkane derives ultimately from the solvent, the identity of the proton donor in the active site remains unclear. To i...

Inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin from several highly inbred genetic types of lima beans were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. Six chromatographically distinct inhibitors were found in all cases. However, the relative distribution of these components fell into two types, dependent upon the variety of bean used. One milligram of one of the chromatographically homogeneous fractio...

The HCN emission features near 3 μm recently detected by Geballe et al. (2003, Astrophys. J. 583, L39) are analyzed with a model for fluorescence of sunlight in the ν3 band of HCN. The emission spectrum is consistent with current knowledge of the atmospheric temperature profile and the HCN distribution inferred from millimeter-wave observations. The spectrum is insensitive to the abundance of H...

The surface expansion that is induced by the lateral pressure in the brush region of lipid membranes containing grafted polymers is deduced from the scaling and mean-field theories for the polymer brush, together with the equation of state for a lipid monolayer at the equivalence pressure with fluid lipid bilayers. Depending on the length and mole fraction of the polymer lipid, the membrane exp...

Though silicon tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) has attracted attention for sub-60mV/decade subthreshold swing and very small OFF current (IOFF), its practical application is questionable due to low ON current (ION) and complicated fabrication process steps. In this paper, a new n-type classical-MOSFET-alike tunnel FET architecture is proposed, which offers sub-60mV/decade subthreshold swi...

A sharp stratospheric emission feature at 667 cm -• in the Voyager infrared spectra of Titan is associated with the •'2 Q branch of CO2. A coupling of photochemical and radiative transfer theory yields an average mole fraction above the 110 mbar level of fco2 1.5 + 2.5 -9 = -o.8X 10 , with most of the uncertainty being due to imprecise knowledge of the vertical distribution. CO2 is found to be ...

In this paper, a physics based model of inversion charge sheet of nanoscale NMOSFETs has been presented. The model is formulated for nanoscale biaxial strained silicon NMOSFET including quantum mechanical effect (QME). The QME is splitting of conduction band due to very thin oxide (tox) and very large doping concentration of ultra small geometry of MOSFET. The QME shift the inversion charge she...

The aim of this work is to select the best individual or combined controlled variables (CVs) for a natural gas to hydrocarbon liquids (GTL) process based on the idea of self-optimizing control. The objective function is to maximize the variable income of the plant, and two modes of operation are studied. In mode I, where the natural gas flow rate is given, there are three unconstrained degrees ...

Laminar burning velocities of methylcyclohexane and toluene blended with ammonia have been determined using the heat flux method at atmospheric pressure initial temperature 338 K, over equivalence ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 blending fractions in binary fuel mixtures 0 90%. It was observed that addition leads a decrease laminar velocity is not proportional mole fraction. Such reduction due s...

High-speed digital imaging has been used in rapid compression facility (RCF) studies to investigate ignition phenomena of iso-octane/air mixtures. Sequential images were captured for each experiment. The results indicate the existence of two ignition regimes. In one domain, ignition is rapid, typically less than 76 μs, and ignition occurs simultaneously throughout the test volume. In the other ...