Protected areas (PAs) are at the forefront of conservation efforts, and yet despite considerable progress towards the global target of having 17% of the world's land area within protected areas by 2020, biodiversity continues to decline. The discrepancy between increasing PA coverage and negative biodiversity trends has resulted in renewed efforts to enhance PA effectiveness. The global conserv...

A Machian interpretation is introduced for MOND and its conceptual advantage is discussed. PACS: 98.62.Dm

the group size and behavior of goitered gazelle was studied over the year 2001 in kalmand-bahadoran protected area. gazelle groups showed no stable organization in kalmand protected area. in spring season, group size was smaller than other seasons and the largest groups were seen in winter. number of solitary gazelles increased during the mating season. adult males were territorial in mating se...

abstract caracal (caracal caracal) is a species of felidae which has a vast distribution in the central area ofiran. in this study, we gathered all records of caracal in yazd province during nine years (2002-2011). we also analyzed the results of intensive camera-trapping in 3 protected areas inyazd province. based on the results of the study 96 records of caracal were obtained in the study are...

MOdified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) represents a phenomenological alternative to dark matter (DM) for the missing mass problem in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We analyze the central regions of a local sample of �220 early-type galaxies from the ATLAS3D survey, to see if the data can be reproduced without recourse to DM. We estimate dynamical masses in the MOND context through Jeans analysi...