We simultaneously integrate in a numerical way the equations of motion of both the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) in the MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), MOdified Gravity (MOG) and Cold Dark Matter (CDM) frameworks for −1 ≤ t ≤ 1 Gyr in order to see if, at least in principle, it is possible to discriminate between them. Since the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are...

Numerous astrophysical observations have shown that classical Newtonian dynamics fails on galactic scales and beyond, if only visible matter is taken into account. The two most popular theoretical concepts dealing with this problem are Dark Matter (DM) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). In the first part of this paper it is demonstrated that a generalized MOND equation can be derived in th...

abstract. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of topographical factors on the classification of grassland plant communities in the rangelands of ghorkhud, northern khorasan province, iran. for sampling, land units were specified. a floristic list was prepared using minimal area method based on the nested plot (braun-blanquet method). 116 10m2 furrows were selected. within e...

A pair of Mond–Weir type second order symmetric nondifferentiable multiobjective programs is formulated. Weak, strong and converse duality theorems are established under g-pseudobonvexity assumptions. Special cases are discussed to show that this paper extends some work appeared in this area. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

We examine the implications of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) on the large scale structure in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We employ a “Jeans swindle” to write a MOND-type relationship between the fluctuations in the density and the gravitational force, g. In linear Newtonian theory, |g| decreases with time and eventually becomes < g0 , the threshold below which MOND is dominant. ...

We extend the MOND analysis to a sample of 17 high surface brightness, early-type disc galaxies with rotation curves derived from a combination of 21cm Hi line observations and optical spectroscopic data. A number of these galaxies have asymptotic rotation velocities between 250 and 350 km/s making them among the most massive systems (in terms of baryonic mass) considered in the context of MOND...

I review various ideas on MOND cosmology and structure formation beginning with non-relativistic models in analogy with Newtonian cosmology. I discuss relativistic MOND cosmology in the context of Bekenstein’s theory and propose an alternative biscalar effective theory of MOND in which the acceleration parameter, a0 is identified with the cosmic time derivative of a matter coupling scalar field...