The possibility that monoamines might act as signalling molecules during the early development of the nervous system has been examined in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. The distributions of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, noradrenaline and their precursor, dopa, were determined from the fertilized egg up to the late neurula stages using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, formaldeh...

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by altered emotion and cognition. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) potent natural antioxidant exhibits neuroprotective effects. However, its antidepressant activity mechanism of action in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) need be evaluated. The were divided into six groups. Group, I vehicle control (without stress), II- CUMS,...

This study characterizes vascular responsiveness to serotonin and its metabolites and to several monoamines that are structurally related to serotonin in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Mesenteric arteries from normotensive and hypertensive rats were excised and cut into helical strips for isometric force recording. Dose-response curves to serotonin in arteries from hypert...

Interactions of 2-, 3- and 4-formyl phenylboronic acids (FPBAs) with sugars, amino sugars, aminoglycosides and various poly- and monoamines have been studied by UV-vis, (1)H and (11)B NMR titrations in water at variable pH. Behavior of 2-FPBA was anomalous in several aspects. Transformation of the acid into its conjugate base was slow in NMR time scale and was accompanied by intramolecular cycl...

Cerebral monoamines play important roles as neurotransmitters that are associated with various stressful stimuli. Some components such as ginsenosides (triterpenoidal glycosides derived from the Ginseng Radix) may interact with monoamine systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether ginsenoside Rb1 can modulate levels of the monoamines such as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (...

Individuals are known to differ in their sensitivity to cocaine. Cocaine is known to inhibit the re-uptake of monoamines. The response to cocaine has also been found to depend on monoamines inside reserpine-sensitive storage vesicles. The present study examined the effects of reserpine (1-2 mg/kg) on cocaine-induced behavior (10-15 mg/kg) in Low Responders (LR) and High Responders (HR) to novel...

Changes in monoamine levels during and after ischemia and effects of RS-8359, a type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) inhibitor, were studied in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats killed by microwave irradiation. The patterns of the changes in norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5HT) levels were similar during ischemia: All these monoamines decreased in all three r...

BACKGROUND In the immature developing fetal brain, amino acids (such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine) and monoamines (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) act as developmental signals or regulators. In subjects with Down syndrome, dysfunctional brain development is evident from birth as reduction in brain weight, as well as volume reductions in specific brain regions, and an altered ...