Forming a bond to dentin has been a great challenge. Dentin is a vital tissue composed of organic material and water in addition to the inorganic content. Operative procedures on dentin produce a loosely-bound surface of unorganized material known as the "smear layer". For optimum bonding to occur, this layer needs to be removed or altered. A dentin bonding agent should be biocompatible and sho...

Monascus purpureus C322 was cultivated on well-established production media to yield prevailingly red or orange pigment-rich ethanolic extracts. Once these extracts had been diluted by an overall factor of 50, they were used as such to dye raw wool standard specimens differently premordanted using alum or stannic chloride. Independently of the mordant used, the specimens dyed with the red pigme...

There is little information on the actual use of early synthetic organic pigments (SOPs) in art objects, especially those from before 1950. Their presence can, however, pose a challenge to conservation because their chemical composition, as well lightfastness and sensitivity solvents, are often unknown. Here, study non-invasive identification SOPs historic pre-1950 varnished paint-outs artists’...

In the framework of a collaboration between the Opificio delle Pietre Dure and the Stibbert Museum (both Florence, Italy), a Japanese armour from the Edo period (XVII-XIX cent.), called manchira, was subjected to a multi-analytical diagnostic campaign. Due to the multi-layered structure of the object, constituted by silk, linen or hemp, wool, leather, and metallic parts, the diagnostic campaign...

The dyeing of wool fibers using saffron petals as a natural dye has been studied for first time in this paper. Saffron petal is one of the by-products of fields which are thrown away after harvesting while they can possibly be used. A series of dyeing formulation prepared with saffron petals and different mordants and the mordant effect on hue, light and wash fastness of dyed fibers were invest...