A growing body of research has indicated that students of ESL/EFL are reticent and unwilling to be engaged in oral activities in English lessons. Communicative language ability includes speaking ability, so vocabulary knowledge plays an integral role in speaking a language. However, there have been few studies examining the degree to which vocabulary knowledge affects speaking ability. The pr...

We present a study in which we experimentally manipulate the form of support offered to groups of three students during collaborative learning. Specifically, we contrast two forms of Academically Productive Talk (APT) facilitation, known as Revoicing and Agree-Disagree. The first form has been demonstrated effective with the target age group (i.e., 9 th grade) on an earlier more difficult unit....

It has recently been suggested, by Firouzjahi, Sarangi, and Tye, that string-motivated modifications of the Hartle-Hawking wave function predict that our Universe came into existence from “nothing” with a de Sitter-like spacetime geometry and a spacetime curvature similar to that of “low-scale” models of Inflation. This means, however, that the Universe was quite large at birth. It would be pre...

Half of the productive forest area in Sweden is owned by small-scale private forest owners. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information that would allow categorizing small-scale private forest owners according to their management strategy. In this study, we surveyed small-scale private forest owners in Sweden to determine the proportions who applied various management strategies. We a...

The report of the panel appointed to the eighth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 8) is more evidence-based and focused than its predecessors, outlining a management strategy that is simpler and, in some instances, less aggressive. It has both strengths and weaknesses.

This paper extends the three major facts of long run structural transformation — (i) sectoral reallocations, (ii) rich movements of productive activities between home and market, and (iii) an increase in the scale of productive units — and develops a model based on scale technologies to understand and explain them within a unified framework. The crucial distinction between industry, services, a...

We present a version of the neoclassical model with an endogenous industry structure. We obtain multiple steady-state equilibria with an arbitrarily small degree of increasing returns to scale. While the most productive …rms operate across all the steady states, in a poverty trap less productive …rms operate as well. This results in lower average …rm productivity and total factor productivity. ...