a new type of backbone robot is presented in this paper. the core idea is to use a cross shape mechanism with the principle of functioning of the scissors linkages, known as a pantograph. although this continuum arm acts quite similar to tendon-driven robot, this manipulator does not include any tendon in its structure. this design does not suffer from the weaknesses of the continuum design suc...

In a series of three experiments the visual modulation of movement during a reciprocal aiming task was examined when participants were confronted with sudden changes in visually specified task constraints. Amplitude and precision constraints were manipulated independently in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, while their simultaneous effects were analyzed in Experiment 3. Analysis of the evolut...

This study examined the relationship between age and lip movement variability across repetitions of an utterance. We applied functional data analysis (FDA) to lip movement data of 15-20 repetitions of a short Swedish phrase from 37 Swedish speakers (19 females, 18 males, 5-31 years) collected with three-dimensional articulography. From each utterance, three different sub-units were extracted se...

A three-dimensional (3-D) arm movement model is presented to simulate kinematic properties and muscle forces in reaching arm movements. Healthy subjects performed reaching movements repetitively either with or without a load in the hand. Joint coordinates were measured. Muscle moment arms, 3-D angular acceleration, and moment of inertias of arm segments were calculated to determine 3-D joint to...

in this paper, an innovative mobile platform is presented which is equipped by three new wheels. the core of the new idea is to establish a new design of rigid circular structure which can be implemented as a wheel by variable radius. the structure of wheel includes a circular pattern of a simple two-link mechanism assembled to obtain a wheel shape. each wheel has two degrees of freedom. the fi...

dimensional synthesis of a parallel robot may be the initial stage of its design process, which is usually carried out based on a required workspace. since optimization of the links lengths of the robot for the workspace is usually done, the workspace computation process must be run numerous times. hence, importance of the efficiency of the algorithm and the cpu time of the workspace computatio...

new structural, metamorphic, finite strain and kinematic vorticity data for granitic gneiss and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of thetanumaharea in the arabian shield in saudi arabia reveal a history of deformation reflecting different tectonic regimes. kinematic analysis shows their relationship to the nappe contacts between the granitic gneiss and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks and explains the...

This paper presents a methodology for obtaining the equations corresponding to a mechanism that are necessary for carrying out a kinematic simulation. A simulation of this kind means obtaining the coordinates dependent on the system according to the movements imposed by the degrees of freedom. Unlike a dynamic simulation, where the set of elements moves according to the different external force...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of the swallowing kinematic analysis. METHODS To evaluate the accuracy at various velocities of movement, we developed an instrumental model of linear and rotational movement, representing the physiologic movement of the hyoid and epiglottis, respectively. A still image of 8 objects was also used for measuring the length of the objects as a basic screening, ...

Speech requires the control of complex movements of orofacial structures to produce dynamic variations in the vocal tract transfer function. The nature of the underlying motor control processes has traditionally been investigated by employing measures of articulatory movements, including movement amplitude, velocity, and duration, at selected points in time. An alternative approach, first used ...