a module m is called epi-retractable if every submodule of m is a homomorphic image of m. dually, a module m is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. in special case, a ring r is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if rr (resp. rr) is co-epi-retractable. it is proved that if r is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of r is an epi-retractable ...

Roughness in modules have been investigated by B. Davvaz and M. Mahdavipour in 2006 [5]. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the concept of T -rough prime and primary submodules which is a generalization the lower and upper approximation submodules over a commutative ring. We define a set-valued homomorphism on a module and study some properties of it . We prove some results f...

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) infect many annual and perennial crops and are the most devastating soil-born pests in vineyards. To develop a biotech-based solution for controlling RKNs in grapes, we evaluated the efficacy of plant-derived RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of a conserved RKN effector gene, 16D10, for nematode resistance in transgenic grape hairy roots. Two hairpin-based silencing c...

Secreted parasitism proteins encoded by parasitism genes expressed in esophageal gland cells mediate infection and parasitism of plants by root-knot nematodes (RKN). Parasitism gene 16D10 encodes a conserved RKN secretory peptide that stimulates root growth and functions as a ligand for a putative plant transcription factor. We used in vitro and in vivo RNA interference approaches to silence th...

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a significant problem in potato (Solanum tuberosum) production. There is no potato cultivar with Meloidogyne resistance, even though resistance genes have been identified in wild potato species and were introgressed into breeding lines. The objectives of this study were to generate stable transgenic potato lines in a cv. Russet Burbank background that ...

This report gives an exact result on the duality of the divergence and gradient operators, when these are considered as operators between L-spaces on a bounded n-dimensional Lipschitz domain. The necessary background is described in detail, with a self-contained exposition. MSC2010: Primary: 47A05; Secondary: 46E35.

We have shown that the 16D10 antigen located on the mucin-like COOH-terminal domain of the feto-acinar pancreatic protein (FAPP) is expressed at the surface of human pancreatic tumor cell lines such as SOJ-6 cell line. Furthermore, an in vivo study indicates that targeting this cell-membrane glycopeptide by the use of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 16D10 inhibits the growth of SOJ-6 xenografts i...

Secreted proteins coded by parasitism genes expressed in esophageal gland cells mediate infection and parasitism of plants by root-knot nematodes. An essential parasitism gene, designated as 16D10, encodes a conserved root-knot nematode secretory peptide that stimulates root growth and functions as a ligand for a plant transcription factor. Plants were engineered to silence this parasitism gene...

We study the stationary solution to the recursion Xn+1 = γXn+ξn, where γ ∈ (0, 1) is a constant and ξn are Gaussian variables with random parameters. Specifically, we assume that ξn = μn + σnεn, where (ε)n∈Z is an i.i.d. sequence of standard normal variables and (μn, σn)n∈Z is a stationary and ergodic process independent of (εn)n∈Z, which serves as an exogenous dynamic environment for the model...

The field of mathematics is known to be especially challenging from a bibliometric point of view. Its bibliographic metrics are especially sensitive to distortions and are heavily influenced by the subject and its popularity. Therefore, quantitative methods are prone to misrepresentations, and need to take subject information into account. In this paper we investigate how the mathematical bibli...