............................................................................ iii 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................. 1 2.0 Materials and Methods ............................................................................. 1 3.0 Results ............................................................................. 3 4.0 Discussion .........

Ocean surface pH levels are predicted to fall by 0.3-0.4 pH units by the end of the century and are likely to coincide with an increase in sea surface temperature of 2-4 °C. The combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the functional properties of bivalve shells is largely unknown and of growing concern as the shell provides protection from mechanical and environmental challenges. ...

Oxidants are formed at the surface of Europa and may be delivered to the subsurface ocean, possibly in great quantities. Whether these substances would be available for biological metabolism is uncertain, because they may react with sulfides and other compounds to generate sulfuric and other acids. If this process has been active on Europa for much of its age, then not only would it rob the oce...

We examined the effect of the glutamatergic agonist kainate on the membrane potential, the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), the intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration, and on the intracellular pH of Retzius neurons of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, in order to investigate the mechanism responsible for the intracellular acidification caused by glutamatergic stimulation. The rec...

HCO(3)(-) secretion, which is believed to neutralize acid within the mucus gel, is the most studied duodenal defense mechanism. In general, HCO(3)(-) secretion rate and mucosal injury susceptibility correlate closely. Recent studies suggest that luminal acid can lower intracellular pH (pH(i)) of duodenal epithelial cells and that HCO(3)(-) secretion is unchanged during acid stress. Furthermore,...

The relationship between hydrogen ion secretion and the transport of other electrloytes was examined in the isolated urinary bladder of the water turtle. Symmetrical solutions which were free from exogenous carbon dioxide and bicarbonate bathed the two surfaces of the preparation, and the spontaneous electrical potential of the bladder was nullified by a voltage clamp. Active transport of sodiu...

Introduction Experimental trials were recently conducted at the InterAmerican Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) Achotines Laboratory in Panama to investigate the potential impacts of ocean acidification on the early life history stages of Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna). With analyses of data collected from the trials expected to be completed soon, the following article describes the growing ...

To investigate the role of acidification in cell proliferation, several cell lines resistant to chloroquine were isolated with the expectation that some would express altered endocytic acidification. The preliminary characterization of one of these lines, CHL60-64, is described. In contrast to endocytic mutants described previously, the initial phase of endocytic acidification, as measured by t...