The bacterial second messenger cdiGMP exhibits promising activity as a mucosal adjuvant. Abstract The development of mucosal adjuvants is still a critical need in vaccinology. In the present work we show that bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cdiGMP), a second messenger that modulates cell surface properties of several microorganisms , exerts potent activity as mucosal adjuvan...

TEMPOL, a cyclic nitroxide stable radical blocks biological damage by breaking chain reactions through termination reaction with free radicals, and by inhibiting the catalytic effect of transition metals. This study tested its protective effect on two models of experimental colitis as free radicals play an important part in their pathogenesis. TEMPOL was given intragastrically immediately after...

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) lesions will progress to dysplasia with some of these developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is well known that diabetic patients are predisposed to candidiasis. Previously, we found that alloxan-induced diabetic rats spontaneously have mucosal hyperplasia with C. albicans infection and that those lesions progress to SCC. Here, we developed a rat mod...

UNLABELLED Recent studies have shown that ghrelin exhibits gastroprotective effects. The aim of present study was to examine the influence of ghrelin administration on the healing of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers and to evaluate the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in this process. In pituitary-intact or hypophysectomized rats, chronic gastric and duode...

In the present study we investigate the impact of a range of TLR ligands and chitosan as potential adjuvants for different routes of mucosal immunisation (sublingual (SL), intranasal (IN), intravaginal (IVag) and a parenteral route (subcutaneous (SC)) in the murine model. We assess their ability to enhance antibody responses to HIV-1 CN54gp140 (gp140) and Tetanus toxoid (TT) in systemic and vag...

BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that polyphosphazenes, particularly PCEP, enhance immune responses in mice immunized subcutaneously and intranasally. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of polyphosphazenes as adjuvants when delivered through different routes of vaccine administration. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized through intranasal, subcutaneous, ora...

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are known to induce gastroduodenal complications such as ulcer, bleeding, and dyspepsia. In this study, we examined the prophylactic effect of rebamipide, an anti-ulcer agent with free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect, on acidified aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. In addition, we investigated the mucosal barrier fun...

Neutrophil infiltration of the colonic mucosa is a hallmark of Clostridium difficile toxin A-mediated enterocolitis. Macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant secreted by rat macrophages and epithelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. In this work, we report that administration of toxin A into rat ileal loops increased mucosal levels of MIP-2 bef...

BTB and CNC homolog 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). It plays an important role in the feedback regulation of HO-1 expression, which protects cells from various insults including oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of Bach1 in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. In this study, the role of Bach1 in intestinal mucosal injury was ...

The intestinal mucosa of commercial poultry is continually subjected to invasion or colonization by a wide array of potentially hostile enteric pathogens. Although, recent investigations have focused on lymphocyte involvement in immune responses in the intestine, lymphocyte-mediated immunity alone will not explain the barrier nature of mucosal membranes associated with rejection of many enteric...