tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. multi drug resistant tuberculosis is a new threat, which can result in a high case fatality rate. this study was conducted to define the incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in kermanshah. ­antibiogram was performed on­­ pcr-confirmed isolates of mycobacte...

background pseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen which causes severe, acute and chronic nosocomial infections. these infections are difficult to eradicate since the organisms are usually multidrug-resistant. carbapenems are considered as the most effective drugs against these isolates. however, recent emergence of carbapenem-resistant p. aeruginosa has become a major healthcare pro...

Multidrug resistance is a phenomenon that cancer cells develop a cross-resistant phenotype against several unrelated drugs, and permeability glycoprotein derived from the overexpression of multidrug resistance gene 1 has been taken as the most significant cause of multidrug resistance. In the present study, ginsenoside Rh2 was used to reverse permeability glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resista...

background: acinetobacter baumannii is gram- negative opportunistic coccobacilli, the most important agent in nosocomial infections with high mortality rate. multidrug resistance in strains isolated from nosocomial infections , making it difficult to treat and sometimes impossible. the aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic resistance in a. baumannii isolates from iranian patien...

industrial effluents consist many pollutant and heavy metals. bacteria isolated from industrial west water ground may have potential to tolerate heavy metal. in this study we isolate a citrobacter sp. which can resist heavy metal like cu and pb. slurry from industrial west water ground was collected from 22.0663 n, 88.1041 e. the heavy metal content and other parameters of soil were estimated. ...

conclusions the results showed that enterococci are common contaminants in food. indeed, this study indicates a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in food of animal origin in iran. isolating some persisting enterococcal isolates revealed that continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci from food is essential. materials and methods thirty samples of meat, c...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, a total of 250 isolates (134 e. coli and 116 k. pneumoniae) were collected and antimicrobial resistances to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were evaluated by disc diffusion method and confirmed by e-test. moreover, risk factors for mdr e. coli and k. pneumoniae...

background: for the first time we tested an association between the human multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1) polymorphisms (snps) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf). several mdr1 polymorphisms are associated with pathologies in which they modify the drug susceptibility and pharmacokinetics. materials and methods: we genotyped three mdr1 polymorphisms of 48 ipf patients and 100 control subj...