PURPOSE gp96 (grp94) is a key downstream chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mediate unfolded protein response (UPR) and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is closely linked to dysregulated UPR. In this study, we aimed to determine the roles of gp96 in the initiation and progression of multiple myeloma in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated a mouse model with over...

We presenta case ofmultiplemyeloma with high valuesfor total calcium.The case discussion focuses on the role of the laboratoryindiagnosisand monitoring ofmultiplemyeloma and on the causes ofthe associated hypercalcemia.We present evidence for calcium binding to the paraprotein as a cause for the “hypercalcemia” inthiscaseand we document a difference inthe resultsfortotalcalcium among various me...

PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated that ritonavir targeting of glycolysis is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic in a subset of multiple myeloma cells. In this study, our objective was to investigate the metabolic basis of resistance to ritonavir and to determine the utility of cotreatment with the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor metformin to target compensatory metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL DE...