CONTEXT Access to high quality primary care was identified by Healthy People 2010 as one of the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic disparities in health might be reduced. Despite the well-established connections between good primary care and health, the scientific evidence on whether good primary care can reduce racial disparities in health is sparse. OBJECTIVE To examine whether bett...

ABSTRACT To disentangle the nature of a pathosystem or a component of the system such as disease epidemics for descriptive or predictive purposes, mensuration is conducted on several variables of the physical and chemical environment, pathogenic populations, and host plants. For instance, it may be desired to (i) distinguish pathogenic variation among several isolates of a pathogen based on dis...

This study aimed to examine the risk factors for engaging in transactional sex among young females in Montserrado County, Liberia. Data from an HIV behavioral survey conducted among young people aged 14 - 25 years were used. The analytical sample included 493 sexually-experienced females. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. We found that 72% of our sample had ever engaged in tra...

2 Several hydrological phenomena are described by two or more correlated characteristics. 3 These dependent characteristics should be considered jointly to be more representative of the 4 multivariate nature of the phenomenon. Consequently, probabilities of occurrence cannot be 5 estimated on the basis of univariate frequency analysis (FA). The quantile, representing the value 6 of the variable...

Human sleep-wake cycles are entrained by both natural and artificial light-dark cycles. However, little is known regarding when and how the photoperiod changes entrain the biological clock after conception. To investigate the dependence of sleep patterns in young infants on the natural and artificial light-dark cycles, 1,302 pairs of one-month-old infants and their mothers were asked to answer ...

When parents invest heavily in reproduction they commonly suffer significant energetic costs. Parents reduce the long-term fitness implications of these costs through increased foraging and reduced reproductive investment in the future. Similar behavioral modifications might be expected among helpers in societies of cooperative vertebrates, in which helping is associated with energetic costs. B...

BACKGROUND To determine whether the availability of National Health Insurance (NHI) is associated with a longitudinal increase in life satisfaction among older Taiwanese adults. METHODS This study used data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging, a nationally representative sample (n = 3778) of older adults aged 60 and above. Participants were interviewed prior to the establishment of NH...

Many decisions require a context-dependent mapping from sensory evidence to action. The capacity for flexible information processing of this sort is thought to depend on a cognitive control system in frontoparietal cortex, but the costs and limitations of control entail that its engagement should be minimized. Here, we show that humans reduce demands on control by exploiting statistical structu...

This study analyses differences in individual-level working poverty determinants between Germany and the UK. These differences are linked to institutional patterns at the country level. Here, we observe that the two countries differ especially in bargaining centralisation, employment protection legislation and family policy. At the same time, the levels of decommodification and labour market re...

This study examined the relationships among objective and subjective risk for breast cancer and mammography stages of change as defined by the Transtheoretical Model. Women who had higher objective risk of breast cancer, as defined by the Gail et al. algorithm (M. H. Gail et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 1879-1886, 1989), were more likely to perceive themselves at greater subjective risk for ...