In this study, a derivative method is applied for the determination of dye concentration in fabrics dyed with tricomponent dye mixtures. The reflectance of spectra of the samples were recorded between 400 and 700 nm. Initially, the obtained (K/S) spectra were divided by the spectrum of a standard sample dyed with two of the components in the ternary mixture and the derivative spectra were calcu...

In this paper optical properties of microcrystalline HfO2 powder are investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine that the studied samples in monoclinic phase. Based on analysis diffuse reflectance spectra applying Kubelka-Munk formalism we evaluated indirect bandgap value Eg = 5.34 ± 0.05 eV. The calculated is agreement with independent data for thin films synt...

We use radiances collected from space by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) when looking down at ocean surfaces during day to remotely determine probability distribution of wave slopes. This is achieved using about 300 channels between 3.6 and 4.0μm a physically-based approach which properly takes contribution reflected solar radiation into account. Based on 150 millions obs...

This work shows a correlation between light reflectance, absorption, and morphologies of series bismuth manganate–lead titanate, (1 − x) BM–x PT, (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 1.00) ceramics composite. Low reflectance in the Vis-NIR range corresponds to ‘black mirror’ features. The modified Kubelka-Munk function applied measured visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) diffuse enabled e...

Seeing means perceiving light from an external source which was scattered in a material medium and reemitted toward the observer’s eye. Thereby colors are the result of wavelength dependent absorption processes. The physical basis of color as molecular or atomic phenomenon is state-of-the-art in science, both in experimental and in theoretical respect. But to the authors knowledge, the deriving...

This paper focuses on hydrodynamic modeling and control of spheroidal underwater vehicle. The vehicle considered in this is appendage free unstable. Water jet propulsion system used dynamics the highly unstable due to munk moment. shape robot nuclear reactor inspection, port security defence ocean surveillance where external appendages are not required. A new innovative technique, Sliding mode ...

Torpedoes play an irreplaceable role in naval warfare; therefore, it is significant to study the dynamic response of direct navigation torpedoes. In order torpedoes under different Munk moment coefficients, equation established based on momentum theorem and theorem. The linear motion mathematical model obtained. relationship between torpedo coefficient derived. straight-line moments established...