Until recently, high-resolution global modeling of tides has been done separately from the atmospherically-forced oceanic general circulation. Here we review emerging class models that are simultaneously forced by both atmospheric fields and astronomical tidal potential. Such simulate barotropic (surface) tides, internal near-inertial motions, eddying circulation, a partially resolved gravity w...

This paper implements a pricing procedure for commodity options, taking into account the stochastic nature of spot prices, currency exchange rates and convenience yields. Interest rate risk is also mentioned, but is not included in the numerical implementation. The analytic framework is heavily inspired by Miltersen&Schwartz(1998); however, while they allow the interest rate to be stochastic th...

In recent years, optogenetics has become a central tool in neuroscience research. Estimating the transmission of visible light through brain tissue is of crucial importance for controlling the activation levels of neurons in different depths, designing optical systems, and avoiding lesions from excessive power density. The Kubelka-Munk model and Monte Carlo simulations have previously been used...

[n the preceding paper it was shown that the average sum of the glucuronic acid and ethereal sulphate conjugations ofrabbits receiving benzene orally was about 20 %, and it was assumed that the conjugates excreted were those of phenolic substances. Of these phenols about one half was shown quantitatively to be phenol whereas the other half was probably a mixture of other phenols such as catecho...

For example, if Coating A has a contrast ratio of 0.920 and Coating B has a contrast ratio of 0.900, about all that can be said is Coating A has higher opacity than Coating B. We can say it is 0.020 higher, but it is not clear how to use this number to formulate Coating B to have equal hiding. Also, this is not helpful in deciding what to change in order to improve opacity. Fortunately, quantit...

Variance function estimation in multivariate nonparametric regression is considered and the minimax rate of convergence is established. Our work uses the approach that generalizes the one used in Munk et al (2005) for the constant variance case. As is the case when the number of dimensions d = 1, and very much contrary to the common practice, it is often not desirable to base the estimator of t...

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly...

The analysis of skin color with makeup is needed to examine the effect of makeup to human skin. Foundation is cosmetics to cover undesirable color on skin and gives basic color to skin. It is important evaluate a change of skin color by the foundation. The present paper modeled the optics of skin with foundation makeup by two layers. Then, the surface spectrum of skin with foundation makeup is ...

The hypothesis to test is internal gravity waves following a Garrett-Munk spectrum are sufficient to explain temporal coherence of sound at 3683 km in the Pacific Ocean for a signal at 75 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.03 s. Signals from a 20 min transmission are collected on a towed array. After correcting the data for what likely appears to be acceleration of the receiver, the probability dis...

A laccase-mediated system for denim overdyeing using phenolic compounds was developed. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. Laccase-generated polymers gave rise to new coloration states from dark brown to green-yellow and replaced dyes in the overdyeing process. Pro...