Up to date, there are four pharmacologically characterized subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3 and M4). In our study we have investigated muscarinic receptor subtypes in smooth muscle layers of human stomach. Isolated preparations of longitudinal and circular muscle layers from human stomach were used. Acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine and AHR -602 produced concen...

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), adrenergic and cholinergic, exert a multitude effects on human myocardium thanks to activation distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed plasma membranes cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, coronary vascular endothelial cells. Norepinephrine (NE)/epinephrine (Epi) acetylcholine (ACh) are released from ANS terminals mediate biologic...