background and objectives: musculoskeletal disorders are common among children. burden imposed on neck, shoulder and back areas by carrying schoolbags may result in musculoskeletal disorders in students. the aim of this study is to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors associated with these symptoms in students of tehran.   methods: three hundred and forty students par...

BACKGROUND Visco-elastic properties of the (neuro-)musculoskeletal system play a fundamental role in the control of posture and movement. Often, these properties are described and identified using stiffness-damping-inertia (KBI) models. In such an approach, perturbations are applied to the (neuro-)musculoskeletal system and subsequently KBI-model parameters are optimized to obtain a best fit be...

A large part of our central nervous system is dedicated to control of movement. To gain a fuller understanding of the sensorimotor control of movement, we must study both the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system that it controls. A control engineer would never design a control system before fully understanding the characteristics of the controlled plant. Similarly, the biologic...

OBJECTIVES Dysregulated biological stress systems and adverse life events, independently and in interaction, have been hypothesised to initiate chronic pain. We examine whether (1) function of biological stress systems, (2) adverse life events, and (3) their combination predict the onset of chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Subjects (n=2039) of the Netherlands Study of Depressio...

The pediatric musculoskeletal system differs greatly from that of an adult. Although these differences diminish with age, they present unique injury patterns and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric orthopedic problems.