T H E P s Y C H O L O G ~ ~ L HEALTH of spiritual practitioners has long been a point of contention, both in the culture at large and among researchers such as anthropologists, religious scholars, and especially mental health profcssionals. William James wrestled with this issue in The Varictics 01 Rcligiou Expcricncc, and almost a century later the debate continues (Lukoff. Lu, and Turner; Wal...

Eco-poetry as a modern literary theory is branch of ecocriticism which focuses on the relationship between man and physical world. Using Latin American Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda’s selected poetry, this paper sets out to explore themes mystical spiritual consciousness through eco-poetical evidence. This study utilizes theoretical framework eco-poetry illuminate dual ecological phenomenon, ...

Cape Pietism is a hybrid, transnational and transconfessional form of spirituality, emanating from the Pietistic movement in Germany, with its emphasis on medieval mysticism, piety spiritual devotion to Christ, Dutch Second Reformation influences. Feminine Pietists South African frontier communities were practitioners this analogous similar trends mystical cultures German Medieval mysticism. In...

a hierarchy of information processing is proposed, with the provisionally highest level being the symbolic reasoning that distinguishes humans from animals. This level is based on an abstract language of thought or “code”, consisting of concepts represented by symbols and a syntactical mechanism for combining these concepts into new expressions. The main shortcoming of this conceptual-symbolic ...