considering the network structure is one of the new approaches in studying stochastic pert networks (spn). in this paper, planar networks are studied as a special class of networks. two structural reducible mechanisms titled arc contraction and deletion are developed to convert any planar network to a series-parallel network structure. in series-parallel spn, the completion time distribution fu...

Children with ADHD often show disrupted response preparation as indicated by attenuated stimuluspreceding negativity (SPN). This study examined response preparation in a relatively short cue–stimulus interval. No differences in SPN occurred between children with ADHD and their normal peers. A strong positive relationship was found between SPN and mean reaction time in both groups. Children with...

The urinary bladder is innervated by parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PPNs) that express μ-opioid receptors (MOR) in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) at lumbosacral segments L6-S1. The SPN also contains endomorphin 2 (EM2)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and terminals. EM2 is the endogenous ligand of MOR. In the present study, retrograde tract-tracing with cholera toxin subunit b (CTb)...

BACKGROUND Information regarding solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is limited in Iran. We aimed to review the clinicocytopathological features and follow-up of patients with SPN of pancreas who were diagnosed in a single center in Iran. METHODS Seven patients with SPN of the pancreas were diagnosed during January 2010 to March 2015 at the Digestive Disease Research Institute ...

Due to its uniqueness and potential in forensic applications, the sensor pattern noise (SPN) has drawn much attention in the digital forensic community and academia in the past few years. While much work has been done on the application of the SPN, little investigation into its characteristics has been reported in the literature. It is our intention to fill this gap by providing insight into th...

Myxobolus squamalis is a myxozoan skin parasite first reported from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Identification of the parasite based on myxospore morphology is unreliable because M. squamalis is similar to several other myxobolids that share host species and geographic ranges. The only ssrRNA gene sequence available for M. squamalis is from Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, bu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the gill filaments of Labeo bata in India parasitologically and to describe the new Myxozoa parasite species, Myxobolus leafa sp. nov., which was determined. METHODS Fish were collected alive from fish farms from Manipur (India). Sporogonic plasmodia were removed with sterile forceps and observed under phase contrast microscope. For permanent...

Myxosporean parasites have been identified in amphibians around the world yet very little is known about their diversity, biology and host impact. Several species of Australian frogs have recently been shown to be affected by myxosporidiosis caused by two new Cystodiscus species. In this manuscript, we review what is known about the myxosporean parasites Cystodiscus australis and Cystodiscus ax...

Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936 (Myxozoa) is capable of infecting and developing mature myxospores in several cyprinid species. However, M. pseudodispar isolates from different fish show up to 5% differences in the SSU rDNA sequences. This is an unusually large intraspecific difference for myxozoans and only some of the muscle-dwelling myxozoan species possess such a high genetic variabi...

Designing cryptographic permutations and block ciphers using a substitutionpermutation network (SPN) approach where the nonlinear part does not cover entire state has recently gained attention due to favorable implementation characteristics in various scenarios.For word-oriented partial SPN (P-SPN) schemes with fixed linear layer, our goal is better understand how details of layer affect securi...