The consequences of the boundary conditions (signal reflecting vs. signal adsorbing) on bacterial intercellular communication were addressed by a combined physics and microbiology approach. A predictive biophysical model was devised that considered system size, diffusion from given points, signal molecule decay and boundary properties. The theoretical predictions were tested with two experiment...

We study an unbiased, discrete-time random walk on the nonnegative integers, with the origin absorbing, and a history-dependent step length. Letting y denote the maximum distance the walker has ever been from the origin, steps that do not change y have length v, while those that increase y (taking the walker to a site that has never been visited) have length n. The process serves as a simplifie...

Yeast cells, Candida utilis, in water suspension and in the absence of electrolytes were found to be very sensitive to several proteins of moderate size, including ribonuclease, protamine, lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c, and myoglobin. Viability ceases rapidly, and ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (260 mmu) and the amino acid pool are released into the medium. The ultraviolet-absor...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of derivation on krasner hyperrings as follows: the function d : r  r isa derivation on a krasner hyperring r if for all , , ry x  ) ( ) ( = ) ( y d x d y x d   andd (x  y) d (x)  y  x  d ( y). then, we investigate some fundamental properties of derivation on krasnerhyperings and prime krasner hyperrings. also, we introduce differential krasner hy...

The main goal of this article is to explore the concepts graded ϕ-2-absorbing and primary submodules as a new generalization 2-absorbing submodules. Let ϕ:GS(M)→GS(M)⋃{∅} be function, where GS(M) denotes collection R-submodules M. A proper K∈GS(M) said R-submodule M if whenever x,y are homogeneous elements R s element with xys∈K−ϕ(K), then xs∈K or ys∈K xy∈(K:RM), we call K xs ys in radical xy∈(...

We propose a method for determination of the complex refractive index of absorbing materials either in bulk or film geometry by measuring its reflectivity when coated with a well-characterized transparent dielectric at two specific optical thicknesses: n(1)d(1) = lambda(0)/4 and n(1)d(1) = lambda(0)/2. The complex refractive index of the sample ñ = (n,k) is calculated for the monitoring wavelen...

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]-absorbing neurons use serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) to uptake 5-HT from extracellular space but do not synthesize it. While 5-HT-absorbing neurons have been identified in diverse organisms from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans, their function has not been elucidated. Here, we show that SERT in 5-HT-absorbing neurons controls behavioral response to ...

Efficient trapping of the light in a photon absorber or a photodetector can improve its performance and reduce its cost. In this paper we investigate two designs for light-trapping in application to infrared absorption. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that nonabsorptive pyramids either located on top of an absorbing film or having embedded absorbing rods can efficiently enhance the absorp...

Carrier sense multiple access with enhanced collision avoidance (CSMA/ECA) is a distributed MAC protocol that allows collisionfree access to the medium in WLANs. The only difference between CSMA/ECA and the well-known CSMA/CA is that the former uses a deterministic backoff after successful transmissions. Collision-free operation is reached after a transient state during which some collisions ma...

The maturation of the fitness movement has brought with it an increasingly sophisticated consumer that has become concerned with the stress which activities such as jogging or running impose on the body. In order to maintain and improve their level of fitness, many in this group have sought out new modalities that provide the desired training stimulus but with reduced wear and tear. To meet thi...