This study aimed to determine the influence of vector structure on dual Bt gene expression and establish an efficient expression vector using Cry1Ac and Cry3A genes. Four vectors (N4, N5, N10, and S23) were developed and used for genetic transformation of tobacco to obtain insect-resistant transgenic lines. The vectors were constructed using the MAR structure, applying different promoter and en...

In the past five years, over 20 types of cyclo-N5− energetic materials (EMs) have been successfully synthesized. Metallic EMs exhibit higher density and performance compared to non-metallic EMs. However, mechanisms for such metallic remain unexplored. Herein, we performed a thorough quantum chemistry study on mechanistic pathway trapped by metal cations in four EMs: [Na(H2O) (N5)] · 2H2O, [M(H2...

The tournament N5 can be obtained from the transitive tournament on {1, . . . , 5}, with the natural order, by reversing the edges between successive vertices. Tournaments that do not have N5 as a subtournament are said to omit N5. We describe the structure of tournaments that omit N5 and use this with Kruskal’s Tree Theorem to prove that this class of tournaments is well-quasi-ordered. The pro...

When predicting the overall loudness of time-varying sounds, it is necessary to use a function which calculates an overall value based on instantaneous loudness. Although N5 and LL(P) correlate for many sounds, their concepts are rather different. N5 is the loudness which is exceeded in five percent of the time, thus it is an ordinal value. LL(P) is the energetic mean of all instantaneous loudn...

To evaluate the avian influenza virus (AIV) circulation in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic penguins we carried out a serosurvey on six species from Livingston, Marion and Gough islands. Seropositivity against AIV was performed on serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition assays. Some oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were al...

Rb protein inhibits both cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Interaction of specific cellular proteins, including E2F1, with Rb C-terminal domains mediates cell cycle regulation. In contrast, the nuclear N5 protein associates with an Rb N-terminal domain with unknown function. The N5 protein contains a region of sequence similarity to the death domain of proteins involved in apoptotic signali...