Genes which affect pigment elaboration may do so by autonomous action within the developing pigment cells or by way of tissue interactions leading to pigment cell differentiation. The site of action of the periodic albinism (ap) gene was investigated by substituting presumptive neural ectoderm of gastrulae of one genotype with uncommitted ectoderm of different genotype. Retinal pigment cells an...

BACKGROUND Nanobiotechnology applies the capabilities of biological systems in generating a variety of nano-sized structures. Plants, algae, fungi and bacteria are some systems mediating such reactions. In fungi, the synthesis of melanin is an important strategy for cell-survival under metal-stressed conditions. Yarrowia lipolytica, the biotechnologically significant yeast also produces melanin...

Pigment-based chemotaxonomy is a widely utilized tool to determine the biomass of phytoplankton classes from pigment biomarkers. The CHEMTAX approach sensitive initial estimates pigment-to-chlorophyll (Chl a) ratios for required, even though these are modified by process. We present an alternative chemotaxonomic method that utilizes simulated annealing with steepest descent algorithm derive cla...

The role of pigment particle size, pigment volume concentration and dispersion in gloss loss of paint lms on weathered surfaces is unclear. Because reproducibile and cost e ective data is di cult to obtain, an approach based on computer simulation and modelling is a promising supplementary tool. We describe the simulation of a painted surface consisting of pigment particles of known size, pigme...

A bacterium capable of producing a deep blue pigment was isolated from the environment and identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The pigment production characteristics of the bacterium under various conditions were studied. The optimal agar plate ingredients for pigment production by the bacterium were first studied: the optimal ingredients were 5 g/liter glucose, 10 g/liter tryptic soy broth, and...

PURPOSE Increasing evidence implicates macular pigment in protecting the retina and retinal pigment epithelium from light-initiated oxidative damage. Little information, however, is available regarding "average" levels of macular pigment in the general population. This study was designed to assess macular pigment in a high-light environment and to determine what personal characteristics influen...

The retinal pigment epithelium located between the neurosensory retina and the choroidal vasculature is critical for the function and maintenance of both the photoreceptors and underlying capillary endothelium. While the trophic role of retinal pigment epithelium on choroidal endothelial cells is well recognized, the existence of a reciprocal regulatory function of endothelial cells on retinal ...

Modern non-destructive optical-reflectance-based techniques for estimation of pigment (chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonol) contents, the rate of onand off-tree ripening as well as for detection of common physiological disorders, such as sunscald, superficial scald, and water core, and other damages to apple fruit are reviewed with an emphasis on the methods developed by the auth...

Multidrug resistance of pathogenic microflora is a serious threat to the modern community looking for new approaches treating superinfections. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) an effective and safe technique considered be promising alternative or important supplement traditional clinically applied methods inactivating antibiotic resistant pathogens. Macroheterocyclic pho...

among the ways of pigment production, microbial synthesis has gained more interest for high growth rate, easy extraction and high yield. pigments are used in the food industry as natural colorants and preservatives; they also have pharmaceutical applications. in this study, fungus monascus purpureus ptcc 5303 was used to produce red, orange and yellow pigments. at first, significant variables w...