Camelid nanobodies (Nbs) raised against the outward-facing conformer of a double-Trp mutant of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli (LacY) stabilize the permease in outward-facing conformations. Isothermal titration calorimetry is applied herein to dissect the binding thermodynamics of two Nbs, one that markedly improves access to the sugar-binding site and another that dramatically increas...

Antigen tests have been crucial for managing the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. This remains true even after immunity has widely attained through natural infection and vaccination, since it only provides moderate protection against transmission is highly permeable to emergence of new virus variants. For this reason, widespread availability diagnostic meth...

Antibodies are key elements in routine immunological tests, having a long history detection of plant pathogens due to their specificity, reliability and fast performance. Heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs), circulating the blood camels IgG isotypes that lack light (L) chains heavy (H) chain is depleted first constant domain (CH1). The HCAbs interact with antigen by virtue only one single varia...

Surface bioconjugation of biomolecules has gained enormous attention for developing advanced biomaterials including biosensors. While conventional immobilization (by physisorption or covalent couplings using the functional groups of the endogenous amino acids) usually results in surfaces with low activity, reproducibility and reusability, the application of methods that allow for a covalent and...

The important family of G protein-coupled receptors has so far not been targeted very successfully with conventional monoclonal antibodies. Here we report the isolation and characterization of functional VHH-based immunoglobulin single variable domains (or nanobodies) against the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Two highly selective monovalent nanobodies, 238D2 and 238D4, were obtained using a time-ef...

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are an undoubted success in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, this has not translated clinically to any solid tumor. B7-H3 been found be highly expressed pediatric brain tumors and correlates with tumor progression poor prognosis. We utilized a novel nanobody based CAR-T which can bind antigens high affinity. hypothesize t...