Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important driver of countries’ economic development. Factors such as looser environmental regulations may cause dirty FDI to flow mainly developing countries. This explained by the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. The paper aims investigate whether Hypothesis valid in Turkey using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach for period 1974–2017. re...

Purpose The authors explore the relationship between exchange rate, bond yield and stock market as well effect of capital dynamics on rate before during COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach employ a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) methodology using daily data Indonesian economy over period 2012–2021. Findings Whilst, full sample period, find no cointegration 10-year ...

The US dollar is the most prevalent currency to settle internationally traded merchandise. A few existing studies demonstrate that can significantly impact a country’s trade balance with non-US partner. Nevertheless, current literature indicates remarkable deficiency of empirical results for case India despite vital importance in its international trade. Recognizing European Union (EU) as large...

The primary goal of this analysis was to determine the impact inflation, poverty, unemployment, and population growth on economic in Pakistan using time series data from 1986 2020. stationarity for variables tested through unit root testing, while asymmetric (NARDL) technique applied expose association amid via short-run long-run dynamics. outcomes show that (1) variable inflation poverty have ...

Purpose – The study investigates the performance of non-performing financing (NPF) in housing sector concerning asymmetric influence macroeconomic conditions. Methodology method adopts nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), while data ranges from 2014m6 to 2022m2.Finding findings reveal an relationship between variables and NPF is present both short long run. In addition, COVID-19 ha...

Purpose — This study assesses the symmetric and asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility on trade flows in Nigeria.Method The employs quarterly data covers period 1995q1 to 2020q4. were sourced from International Financial Statistics (IFS) Central Bank Nigeria (CBN) websites. paper applies both linear ARDL non-linear (NARDL) models. These methods are employed evaluate volatility.Result re...

The relationship between financial development indicators and non-performing loans (NPLs) has garnered significant attention, especially in emerging countries. puzzle of whether sector increases or decreases Non-performing Loans (NPL)s not been resolved to the satisfaction curious mind. This research attempts answer above question by studying asymmetric symmetric association NPLs, utilizing nov...

Since the global financial crisis, South African fiscal authorities have acquired debt at a faster rate compared to other economies, which, according recent growth theory, implies that economy has lower tolerance or threshold level than previously thought. Our study presents country-specific estimates for based on reduced form regressions derived from an endogenous model of public incorporates ...