State and Territory laws are currently being reviewed in accordance with National Competition Policy. Policy in legislation found to be anti-competitive (eg, involving licensing or registration, price fixing, etc) cannot be retained unless it meets a public-benefit test and cost-efficiency criteria. In this context, a methodology for dealing with policy which survives the public-benefit test is...

Key ingredients for upgrading health care include bolstering and appraising professional medical education. Health examination as a crucial element of health care that we must incorporate into medical education. This research evaluates medical students' awareness of national health examinations. Two surveys, focused on health examination knowledge and perspective, were conducted for first- to f...

This paper examines two recent examples of compulsory licensing legislation: one globally embraced regime and one internationally controversial regime operating under the same WTO rules. In particular, we consider Canadian legislation and the use of compulsory licensing for HIV/AIDS drugs destined for a developing country. This is then contrasted with the conditions under which Thai authorities...

BACKGROUND During the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid proliferation of "health examination center (HEC)" across China. The effects of their services on public's health have not been systemically investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of periodic health examination (PHE) at HEC on surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in Beijing residents. METHODS We identified 224 patien...

The endocycle is a developmentally programmed variant cell cycle in which cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication with no intervening mitosis. In Drosophila, the endocycle is driven by the oscillations of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity. How the periodicity of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity is achieved during endocycles is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the p21(cip1)/p27(kip1)/p57(kip2)-l...

The relative importance to the particular industry of licensing has not been done enough empirically to pursue the route of the open innovation. That is why the industrial level research on open innovation is more complicated than that of company level. This paper tries to survey industrial level licensing by combining the technology regime theory with NTB(National Technology Bank) score model ...

<p>Although China has already issued laws and regulations on compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents, it not yet implemented specific practices. After the outbreak “COVID-19”, realistic needs have made urgent for to implement drug patent licensing. Therefore, this study will be based China’s national conditions, combined with compare practices in other countries. Through qualitativ...

The challenge of providing access to high-priced patented medicines is a global problem affecting all countries. A decade and a half ago the use of flexibilities contained in the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, in particular compulsory licensing, was seen as a mechanism to respond to high-price medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS ...

We assess the mechanism purported to underlie the health treatment regime labeled "cranial osteopathy" or "craniosacral therapy." We then summarize all published reports on interexaminer reliability associated with this modality, reanalyze some previously published data, and critique Upiedger'si often-cited study. Our own and previously published findings suggest that the proposed mechanism for...