Abstract National Action Plans (NAPs) on business and human rights are a growing phenomenon. Since 2011, 42 such plans have been adopted or in-development worldwide. By comparison, only 39 general action were published between 1993 2021. In parallel, NAPs attracted scholarly interest. While some studies highlight their potential to advance national compliance with international norms, others cr...

What is Medicaid HEDIS? HEDIS (Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set) is the performance measurement system for health plans developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). The NCQA is an organization which accredits health plans as well as other types of health care organizations. The number of NCQA accredited managed care plans now exceeds 330, covering three quarter...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major global health problem, which in high-income countries now mostly affects people who inject drugs (PWID). Many studies show that the treatment of HCV infection is as successful among PWID as among other populations and recently PWID have been included in the international guidelines for the treatment of HCV infection. The aim of thi...

A ntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is no longer defined by national or political boundaries. Isolates of Escherichia coli bearing mcr-1 were first identified in China, but shortly after were found in clinical and animal samples in the US. 2 The World Health Organization and its partners have warned of the global rise of resistance against antibiotics, particularly those of “last resort.” Evidence ...

Introduction The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) proposed the decentralisation of health planning so that the state health plan represents the needs and priorities of respective blocks and districts in the state. In Bihar, the State Programme Implementation Plan (SPIP) for the year 2010-2011 has been framed on the basis of strategies and activities, which worked in the last four years. Sta...

The World Health Organization's declaration of an imminent swine-origin influenza A pandemic in April 2009 triggered the global launch of national pandemic preparedness plans. An integral component of pandemic preparedness in many countries was the targeted use of antiviral therapy for containment, disease mitigation, and treatment. The 2009 pandemic marked the first pandemic during which influ...

The 2009 Council Recommendation on an Action in the Field of Rare Diseases (2009/C 151/02) [1] encouraged Member States to elaborate a national plan or strategy for rare diseases before the end of 2013. One of the principal tasks of the European Union Committee of Experts on Rare Diseases (EUCERD) [2], through its Scientific Secretariat, was to analyse the results of the actions cited in the Re...