One of the main ideas of calculi of natural deduction, as introduced by Jaskowski and Gentzen, is that assumptions may be discharged in the course of a derivation. As regards sentential logic, this conception will be extended in so far as not only formulas but also rules may serve as assumptions which can be discharged. The resulting calculi and derivations with rules of any finite level are in...

This paper starts with a brief history of Natural Logic from its origins to the most recent work on implicatives. It then describes on-going attempts to represent the meanings of so-called ‘evaluative adjectives’ in these terms based on what linguists have traditionally assumed about constructions such as NP was stupid to VP, NP was not lucky to VP that have been described as factive. It turns ...

In functional genomics studies, research is dedicated to unveiling the function of genes using gene-knockouts, model organisms in which a gene is artificially inactivated. The idea is that, by knocking out the gene, the provoked phenotype would inform us about the function of the gene. Still, the function of many genes cannot be elucidated, because disruption of conserved sequences, including p...

New sesquiterpenoid derivatives from Solanum septemlobum with cytotoxicities Lei Zhang, Hai-Qing Lin, Gui-Sheng Li, Xi-Dian Yue & ShengJun Dai a School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China b State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Coll...

This article examines the scope for strategies to build natural assets in the hands of low-income individuals and communities. Natural assets include sources of raw materials such as forests and fisheries, and the airsheds, lands, and water bodies that provide environmental sinks for the disposal of wastes. These resources become assets when people have rights to access their benefits. Four str...

Recent research on the chemistry of natural products from the author's group that led to the receipt of the ACS Ernest Guenther Award in the Chemistry of Natural Products is reviewed. REDOR NMR and synthetic studies established the T-taxol conformation as the bioactive tubulin-binding conformation, and these results were confirmed by the synthesis of compounds which clearly owed their activity ...

The quinolones have evolved from antibacterial agents with a limited spectrum of predominantly anti-gram-negative antimicrobial activity and a restricted number of indications to a class of widely used oral (and, in some cases, intravenous) antibiotics with extensive indications for infections caused by many bacterial pathogens in most body tissues and fluids. This evolutionary pattern has aris...

Anthemis wiedemanniana essential oil prevents LPS-induced production of NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages and exerts antiproliferative and antibacterial activities in vitro Filomena Conforti a , Federica Menichini a , Carmen Formisano b , Daniela Rigano b , Felice Senatore b , Maurizio Bruno c , Sergio Rosselli c & Sezgin Çelik d a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Calabria , via ...

We propose a model of natural language inference which identifies valid inferences by their lexical and syntactic features, without full semantic interpretation. We extend past work in natural logic, which has focused on semantic containment and monotonicity, by incorporating both semantic exclusion and implicativity. Our model decomposes an inference problem into a sequence of atomic edits lin...

Rodriguez Villegas expressed the Mahler measure of a polynomial in terms of an infinite series. Lück’s combinatorial L-torsion leads to similar series expressions for the Gromov norm of a knot complement. In this note we show that those formulae yield interesting power series expansions for the logarithm function. This generalizes an infinite series of Lehmer for the natural logarithm of 4. 1 T...