extracellular polymeric substances are defined as high molecular weight compounds secreted by the microorganisms in the surrounding area. since these extracellular substances are mainly polysaccharide, they are named exopolysaccharide. microbial exopolysaccharides composed of sugar residue have growing interest as a new class of microbial products which can be used in food, pharmaceutical, and ...

The formulation of a novel delivery system for ellagic acid formulated via layer-by-layer (Lb-L) electrostatic deposition of biopolymers onto soybean lecithin liposomes was achieved. Optimization of parameters affecting the formulation of biopolymer-coated liposomes was carried out by monitoring changes on its size, surface charge and morphology. Ellagic acid was loaded into the liposome core a...

We study the statistical mechanics of counterion Wigner crystals associated with hexagonal bundles of chiral biopolymers. We show that, due to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking induced by frustration, these Wigner crystals would be chiral even if the biopolymers themselves were not chiral. Using a duality transformation of the model onto a "spin-charge" Hamiltonian, we show that melting of t...

A binary mixture of starch-starch or starch with other biopolymers such as protein and non-starch polysaccharides could provide a new approach in producing starch-based food products. In the context of food processing, a specific adjustment in the rheological properties plays an important role in regulating production processing and optimizing the applicability, stability, and sensory of the fi...

Cultured pearls are the product of grafting and rearing of Pinctada margaritifera pearl oysters in their natural environment. Nucleus rejections and oyster mortality appear to result from bacterial infections or from an inappropriate grafting practice. To reduce the impact of bacterial infections, synthetic antibiotics have been applied during the grafting practice. However, the use of such ant...

Drug delivery across mucus membranes is a particularly effective route of administration due to the large surface area. However, the unique environment present at the mucosa necessitates altered drug formulations designed to (1) deliver sensitive biologic molecules, (2) promote intimate contact between the mucosa and the drug, and (3) prolong the drug's local residence time. Thus, the pharmaceu...

Complex biopolymers (BPs) such as chitin and cellulose provide the majority of organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems, but the mechanisms by which communities of bacteria in natural systems exploit them are unclear. Previous degradation experiments in artificial systems predominantly used microcosms containing a single bacterial species, neglecting effects of interspecific interactions. By constr...

Unlike homopolymers, biopolymers are composed of specific sequences of different types of monomers. In proteins and RNA molecules, one-dimensional sequence information encodes a three-dimensional fold, leading to a corresponding molecular function. Such folded structures are not treated adequately through traditional methods of polymer statistical mechanics. A promising new way to solve problem...