The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 presented numerous challenges to higher education in North America and around the world, causing universities colleges change way courses were delivered practically overnight. Most American offering agriculture natural resources curricula able meet this challenge, as did many K-12 schools. Even institutions that had very small or non-existent hybrid on-line co...

1 Earth and Ocean Sciences and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland, 2 Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland, 3 Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geoscience, Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, ...

Abstract The concept of measurement in which the magnitude a property is quantified common unit relative to specified origin deep abstraction. This chapter shows application social science context where motivation transparency and equity rather than advancement scientific laws. However, achieve these, realization needs be no less rigorous it Rasch theory provides basis for such rigor. this comp...

Ecosystem-based natural resource management involves the integration of biophysical and human dimensions. Both the social sciences and biophysical sciences contribute to our understanding of the process of balancing social, economic, and biological factors. While the role of the biophysical sciences is relatively well recognized in the natural resource management sector, the contributions of th...