This study addresses the problem of improving the quality of natural language (NL) understanding by means of the involvement of the additional criterion of correct formal representation of the input inquiry. This criterion is based on the logical compatibility between the input inquiry, translated into the formal language, and the domain, encoded in the same language. Inquiry generality is meas...

In this paper, the author proposes Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) semantic decompositions of four difficult-to-translate quranic Arabic words using (Goddard Wierzbicka 2014, 2021). This is first study to propose an explicit explication these core Islamic lexical items, which are foundational for spiritual worldview almost two billion followers Islam in world today. The word considered ras?...

Introduction The problem addressed in this paper is establishment of semantic invariants to serve as a kind of metalanguage of ”senses” valid for the natural language systems under consideration. We see the key objective of natural language processing in developing multilingual facilities of computer access to knowledge contained in texts. Our experience in design and implementation of natural ...

What is the right way of thinking about the metalanguage in which natural language semantics takes place? I will eventually get to the idea that the best way of understanding the role of this language involves seeing natural language semantics as a model-based science (using ‘model’ in the general sense of a scientific model, not in the technical sense of model theory). To get there, I first cr...

As is known, metalanguage is a language by means of which another language is described. The latter is called object-language. One and the same language may play the role of object-language and metalanguage. For example, the Russian language taken as an object of linguistic description is an object-language, the Russian language used for a linguistic description of Russian is a metalanguage. Th...

Disasters occasion ways of speaking and writing in the societies which they take place. Now, due to climate change, events such as wildfires, floods heatwaves are becoming more severe frequent. Therefore, crisis poses a challenge, not only materially, but discursively. Habitual vocabulary may no longer be appropriate, there is pull between these turns phrase newer ones informed by change. The a...

This paper discusses the problem of developing the metalanguage for linguistic applications and introduces a tag set for the semantic annotation of verbs for the Tatar National Corpus. At present, there are no generally accepted standards for the development of corpus semantic annotation. In many cases, it is made by individual researchers or teams for one or another research project, and chara...

A pervasive challenge in programming theory and practice are feature combinations. Here, we propose a semantic framework that combines monad-based computational effects (e.g. store, nondeterminism, random), underdefined or free operations (e.g. actions in process algebra and automata, exceptions), and recursive definitions (e.g. loops, systems of process equations). The joint treatment of these...

The paper focuses on the description of the approach, taken within the ESPRIT BRA project ACQUILEX, towards: i) acquisition of semantic information from several machinereadable dictionaries (in four languages), and ii) its representation in a common Lexical Knowledge Base. Knowledge extraction is guided by a) empirical observations and b) theoretical hypotheses. As for representation, we stress...