International tourism and its related businesses have considerably increased recently. Due to this expansion, tourism employees must be able to communicate appropriately, and effective ESP programs need to be administered accordingly. Many studies have been conducted on current ESP courses for tourism; however, major problems still remain in designing ESP courses to satisfy L2 learners’ needs, ...

Since Covid-19 (C19) became a global pandemic, there has been rise in the number of people joining food delivery platforms (FDPs). Although this form gig work is gaining its pace, riders (FDRs) are falling behind terms rules and legislation designed to safeguard their employees. To understand spread these unstable forms employment, it essential comprehend factors that keep FDRs it. This quantit...

In recent years, political economists and other social scientists have begun adopting spin and lattice models into their theoretical tool kit. This article introduces examples of how these models are used. For illustration, a simple dynamical model of how legal rules evolve and propagate in the Anglo-American court system is described. Stanford Graduate School of Business. The author is pleased...

In 1924 under the auspices of the Heretics, a society at Cam-bridge, were published two small booklets. One, Daedalus or Science and the Future, by J. B. S. Haldane, pictured, perhaps too optimistically, and certainly too vividly, the vast beneficent potentialities of science and the blessed world it might create. The other, Icarus, or the Future of Science, by Bertrand Russell, pointed out the...

a r t i c l e i n f o Money is the prime incentive considered in economic models. However, recent evidence indicates that people are also greatly concerned about their social rankings. Is this solely because rank brings tangible benefits, or because in addition people have an inherent preference for high rank? This paper deployed a field experiment that provides evidence for an inherent prefere...

study of the engineering education from several aspects needs to be paid attention. in order to make ease the learning process, to get successful in educational courses and technical programs, and having a useful performance in working areas. these challenging issues make it necessary to educate engineers with ability of special competencies and skills as social capital, creativity, group worki...